A polymeric lyotropic liquid crystal solution comprises a birefringent aromatic polymer. A linear polarizer layer is obtained by shear-coating the polymeric lyotropic liquid crystal solution on a coatable substrate, and treating the resulting coating layer with a doping-passivation solution containing iodine and multi-valent cations. A linear polarizer includes a birefringent coating layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness, and contains birefringent aromatic polymer, iodine anions, and multi-valent cations. An optical article includes an optical retarder layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness and a linear polarizer layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness, with an intermediate layer between the linear polarizer layer and the optical retarder layer. The optical retarder layer contains a first birefringent aromatic polymer generally aligned along a first alignment direction and the linear polarizer layer contains a second birefringent aromatic polymer generally aligned along a second alignment direction, with an angle between the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction in a range of 40 to 50.

A polymer-based substrate is proposed, which in particular is electrostatically coatable, wherein the substrate comprises a substrate base body made using a polymeric material and a coating applied to a surface region of the substrate base body, wherein the polymeric material comprises a first polymer, wherein the coating comprises a matrix polymer and an additive which is dispersed in the matrix polymer and reduces the surface resistance of the coating, said additive having a proportion that is selected such that the specific surface resistance of the coating is about 10.sup.10 Ohm or less, and wherein the matrix polymer is selected such that it is compatible with the first polymer.

A polymer-based substrate is proposed, which in particular is electrostatically coatable, wherein the substrate comprises a substrate base body made using a polymeric material and a coating applied to a surface region of the substrate base body, wherein the polymeric material comprises a first polymer, wherein the coating comprises a matrix polymer and an additive which is dispersed in the matrix polymer and reduces the surface resistance of the coating, said additive having a proportion that is selected such that the specific surface resistance of the coating is about 10.sup.10 Ohm or less, and wherein the matrix polymer is selected such that it is compatible with the first polymer.

[Problem] To provide a composition for an underlayer, which can form an underlayer having flattened surface. [Means for Solution] A composition for forming an underlayer, comprising a polymer having a repeating unit containing nitrogen and a solvent. An underlayer is formed by coating this composition on a substrate, preferably baking in an inert atmosphere, and then baking in the air containing oxygen.

[Problem] To provide a composition for an underlayer, which can form an underlayer having flattened surface. [Means for Solution] A composition for forming an underlayer, comprising a polymer having a repeating unit containing nitrogen and a solvent. An underlayer is formed by coating this composition on a substrate, preferably baking in an inert atmosphere, and then baking in the air containing oxygen.

The present invention provides a separator and a lithium-ion battery. The separator comprises a porous substrate, and a first coating layer arranged on at least one surface of the porous substrate, wherein the first coating layer comprises an aromatic polyamide. An aramid coating layer is used in the present invention, the aromatic polyamide in the aramid coating layer swells or plasticizes under the action of a solvent and a lithium salt in the electrolyte at high temperature or normal temperature, to increase the elongation of the separator, while improving the safety performance of the lithium-ion battery by interaction between the aramid coating layer and the electrode active material or the binder.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid crystal alignment layer having excellent alignment properties and stability as well as enhanced electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal alignment layer prepared by the preparation method above and a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment layer thus prepared.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid crystal alignment layer having excellent alignment properties and stability as well as enhanced electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal alignment layer prepared by the preparation method above and a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment layer thus prepared.

An insulated wire has a conductor, and an insulating film including a first insulating layer covering the conductor and a second insulating layer covering the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer contains a polyimide or a polyamideimide as a main component. The first insulating layer contains a reaction product of a carboxylic acid dianhydride and a diamine as an adhesive component and a component that is the same as the main component in the second insulating layer. At least one of the carboxylic acid dianhydride and the diamine has a carbonyl group.

An insulated wire has a conductor, and an insulating film including a first insulating layer covering the conductor and a second insulating layer covering the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer contains a polyimide or a polyamideimide as a main component. The first insulating layer contains a reaction product of a carboxylic acid dianhydride and a diamine as an adhesive component and a component that is the same as the main component in the second insulating layer. At least one of the carboxylic acid dianhydride and the diamine has a carbonyl group.