This disclosure provides a composition comprising a mixture of molecules of Formula (I): {RO-[CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O)]b[CH.sub.2-CH.sub.2O]a}.sub.mP(=O)(O.sup.−X.sup.+).sub.n(I), wherein R is chosen from linear or branched C.sub.10-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl groups; a is 0 to 50, b is 0-30, and a+b >0; X.sup.+ is potassium, triethanolamine, or H, and m and n are each equal to 1 or 2, such that when m=1 then n=2, and when m=2 then n=1. Moreover, in the mixture some of the molecules have m=1 and n=2 and some of the molecules have m=2 and n=1, wherein the mole ratio of compounds where m=1 to compounds where m=2 is of from 1:1 to 3:1.

Food processing equipment, food contact surfaces, and non-food contact surfaces are sanitized or disinfected using an acid-anionic surfactant solution that has efficacy in hard water, is non-corrosive, and is stable at elevated temperatures. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution is prepared as a highly concentrated liquid and diluted to end use concentrations prior to application to food processing equipment or food or non-food contact surfaces. Efficacy in hard water is important for sanitizers and disinfectants that are diluted by the end user using potentially hard water. Stability at elevated temperatures is important for long-term storage and transportation. The diluted sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria even when dilated in hard water. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits low toxicity to humans and the environment since it is prepared from low toxicity ingredients that are readily biodegradable.

Food processing equipment, food contact surfaces, and non-food contact surfaces are sanitized or disinfected using an acid-anionic surfactant solution that has efficacy in hard water, is non-corrosive, and is stable at elevated temperatures. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution is prepared as a highly concentrated liquid and diluted to end use concentrations prior to application to food processing equipment or food or non-food contact surfaces. Efficacy in hard water is important for sanitizers and disinfectants that are diluted by the end user using potentially hard water. Stability at elevated temperatures is important for long-term storage and transportation. The diluted sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria even when dilated in hard water. The sanitizing/disinfecting solution exhibits low toxicity to humans and the environment since it is prepared from low toxicity ingredients that are readily biodegradable.

The invention belongs to the field of genetic engineering technology and application thereof, and in order to solve the problems of lack of high efficient TMV-resistant RNAi nano-preparation at present, complicated preparation process of medicament, poor stability and delivery efficiency of dsRNA, the invention provides an RNAi nano-preparation, preparation method thereof and application thereof in TMV prevention and control. The RNAi nano-preparation is prepared from dsRNA and chitosan nano materials, wherein, dsRNA is a highly TMV-resistant RdRP3 gene with a length of 313 bp obtained from screening, with nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1, and the volume ratio of the chitosan to 1 μg/μl dsRNA is 10:(1-6). The RNAi nano-preparation provided by the invention has the advantages of stronger stability and better durability of dsRNA, good biocompatibility, good biodegradability, no harm to crops, environmental friendliness and the like, and has a good application prospect in the field of TMV virus prevention and control.

The invention belongs to the field of genetic engineering technology and application thereof, and in order to solve the problems of lack of high efficient TMV-resistant RNAi nano-preparation at present, complicated preparation process of medicament, poor stability and delivery efficiency of dsRNA, the invention provides an RNAi nano-preparation, preparation method thereof and application thereof in TMV prevention and control. The RNAi nano-preparation is prepared from dsRNA and chitosan nano materials, wherein, dsRNA is a highly TMV-resistant RdRP3 gene with a length of 313 bp obtained from screening, with nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1, and the volume ratio of the chitosan to 1 μg/μl dsRNA is 10:(1-6). The RNAi nano-preparation provided by the invention has the advantages of stronger stability and better durability of dsRNA, good biocompatibility, good biodegradability, no harm to crops, environmental friendliness and the like, and has a good application prospect in the field of TMV virus prevention and control.

Stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) non-aqueous liquid solutions are generally achieved without the use of an effective amount of an antioxidant and/or an ultraviolet absorber to S-(+)-abscisic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) nonaqueous liquid solutions includes at least one organic solvent, such as at least one polyethylene glycol, at least one glycol, and/or at least one lactamide and/or at least one pentanoate.

Stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) non-aqueous liquid solutions are generally achieved without the use of an effective amount of an antioxidant and/or an ultraviolet absorber to S-(+)-abscisic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) nonaqueous liquid solutions includes at least one organic solvent, such as at least one polyethylene glycol, at least one glycol, and/or at least one lactamide and/or at least one pentanoate.

Stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) non-aqueous liquid solutions are generally achieved without the use of an effective amount of an antioxidant and/or an ultraviolet absorber to S-(+)-abscisic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the stable S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA) nonaqueous liquid solutions includes at least one organic solvent, such as at least one polyethylene glycol, at least one glycol, and/or at least one lactamide and/or at least one pentanoate.

Pesticidal compositions are provided that include at least one pesticidal active ingredient and benzyl alcohol. Adjuvant compositions and associated methods are provided for use with at least one pesticidal active ingredient that include benzyl alcohol.

Pesticidal compositions are provided that include at least one pesticidal active ingredient and benzyl alcohol. Adjuvant compositions and associated methods are provided for use with at least one pesticidal active ingredient that include benzyl alcohol.