The invention relates to a polymeric composite. The polymeric composite includes a polymeric matrix that further includes a thermoset polymer and a phase change material that has been mixed with the polymeric matrix using a thickening agent. In some cases, the polymeric composite is at least 10% by weight of the phase change material.

A heat storage/dissipation material has a constitution in which heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide made of Ti.sub.3O.sub.5 is dispersed in heat transfer oil in a liquid form, the heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide not undergoing phase transition into a -phase that has properties of a non-magnetic semiconductor and maintaining a state of a paramagnetic metal as long as the heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide is not subjected to pressure or light for heat dissipation. The heat storage/dissipation material is capable of maintaining a state of storing heat as long as the heat storage/dissipation material is not subjected to the pressure or the light for heat dissipation and is capable of releasing heat when subjected to the pressure or the light for heat dissipation, and therefore is capable of releasing the stored heat at a desired timing.

A heat storage/dissipation material has a constitution in which heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide made of Ti.sub.3O.sub.5 is dispersed in heat transfer oil in a liquid form, the heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide not undergoing phase transition into a -phase that has properties of a non-magnetic semiconductor and maintaining a state of a paramagnetic metal as long as the heat storage/dissipation titanium oxide is not subjected to pressure or light for heat dissipation. The heat storage/dissipation material is capable of maintaining a state of storing heat as long as the heat storage/dissipation material is not subjected to the pressure or the light for heat dissipation and is capable of releasing heat when subjected to the pressure or the light for heat dissipation, and therefore is capable of releasing the stored heat at a desired timing.

A heat storage system includes an energy conversion portion, and a heat storage portion having a heat storage material. The energy conversion portion converts a form of an energy source into another form, and the energy conversion portion dissipates heat through a medium at the same time as the energy conversion. The heat storage material exchanges heat with the medium. The heat storage material stores heat from the medium in a heat storage mode, and the heat storage material dissipates the stored heat to a heating target. The heat storage material exhibits a first solid phase when a temperature of the heat storage material is higher than a predetermined temperature, and the heat storage material exhibits a second solid phase when the temperature of the heat storage material is at or lower than the predetermined temperature.

A vapor chamber that emits a non-uniform radiative heat flux. The vapor chamber may have a convection cavity that contains a working fluid and outer surfaces that have two or more emissivity regions to dissipate heat from the working fluid at non-uniform levels of radiative heat flux. The non-uniform levels of radiative heat flux may result from exposure to emissivity decreasing surface treatments and/or emissivity increasing surface treatments. The vapor chamber may be utilized in thermal management systems to protect heat-sensitive components from thermal radiation that results from heat being dissipated from a heat source. For example, the vapor chamber may be oriented with respect to a heat-sensitive component so that thermal radiation is emitted at a higher radiative heat flux away from the heat-sensitive component than towards the heat-sensitive component.

A composite heat storage material includes a heat storage material and an inorganic material. The heat storage material is made of a strongly correlated electron material that stores and dissipates heat via solid-solid phase transition. The inorganic material is different from the material of the heat storage material. The heat storage material and the inorganic material are mixed. The composite heat storage material can have characteristics of both the heat storage material and the inorganic material.

A composite heat storage material includes a heat storage material and an inorganic material. The heat storage material is made of a strongly correlated electron material that stores and dissipates heat via solid-solid phase transition. The inorganic material is different from the material of the heat storage material. The heat storage material and the inorganic material are mixed. The composite heat storage material can have characteristics of both the heat storage material and the inorganic material.

A heat storage unit or a heat storage system is a heat storage unit including: a heat storage portion having a first material with a strongly correlated electron system material; and a heat conduction portion having a second material higher in a thermal conductivity than the first material and being in contact with the heat storage portion. The heat storage unit may have a laminated structure in which the heat storage portion and the heat conduction portion are alternately laminated on each other. For example, a metal-insulator phase transition material or a transition metal oxide may be used as the strongly correlated electron system material. The second material may be metal or ceramics.

A heat storage unit or a heat storage system is a heat storage unit including: a heat storage portion having a first material with a strongly correlated electron system material; and a heat conduction portion having a second material higher in a thermal conductivity than the first material and being in contact with the heat storage portion. The heat storage unit may have a laminated structure in which the heat storage portion and the heat conduction portion are alternately laminated on each other. For example, a metal-insulator phase transition material or a transition metal oxide may be used as the strongly correlated electron system material. The second material may be metal or ceramics.

A battery, including an adhesive, where the adhesive is provided between a packaging bag and the battery cell, and the adhesive is adhered to an outer surface of the battery cell. The adhesive includes an adhesive layer, where the adhesive layer includes an adhesive material and a heat-absorbing material. When the temperature of the battery cell is 130? C., an adhesion force between the adhesive and the outer surface of the battery cell is m, and m satisfies m?3 N. At room temperature (25? C.), the adhesive can be fixed to the outer surface of the battery cell. When the temperature of the battery cell rises, the adhesive can still be adhered to the outer surface of the battery cell, reducing the temperature of the battery cell and increasing the critical temperature for thermal runaway of the battery cell.