A method of improving rheological properties of a divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at an elevated temperature comprises adding to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid a rheological modifier, which comprises a carboxylic acid ester, or a phosphate ester blended with an ethoxylated glycol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing in an amount effective to improve the rheological properties of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at a temperature of greater than about 200° F. The divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid comprises calcium bromide, calcium chloride, zinc bromide, zinc chloride, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

A hydrocarbon production system comprises a base pipe; and a separator having a body with an inner surface defining a conduit, the inner surface being coated with a polymer blend comprising a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component, an inlet, a water outlet, and an oil outlet fluidly coupled to the base pipe.

A hydrocarbon production system comprises a base pipe; and a separator having a body with an inner surface defining a conduit, the inner surface being coated with a polymer blend comprising a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component, an inlet, a water outlet, and an oil outlet fluidly coupled to the base pipe.

The invention relates to a nanofluid preparation method (100) from biogenic material, said method comprising the steps of: Treating (120) biogenic material with a strong acid to remove metal impurities; Heating (140) the treated biogenic material at a first temperature comprised between 150° C. and 500° C.; Heating (150) the treated biogenic material at a second temperature above 600° C. to pyrolyze the treated biogenic material; Grinding (160) the pyrolyzed biogenic material to obtain nanoparticles of biogenic material; and Mixing (180) nanoparticles of biogenic material with an organic solvent to form a nanofluid, said organic solvent comprising a low polarity solvent. The invention also relates to a nanofluid obtainable by the nanofluid preparation method and the use of such a nanofluid for example for reducing fines migration or enhanced crude oil recovery. The invention also relates to a system for enhanced crude oil recovery from a reservoir well.

The invention relates to a nanofluid preparation method (100) from biogenic material, said method comprising the steps of: Treating (120) biogenic material with a strong acid to remove metal impurities; Heating (140) the treated biogenic material at a first temperature comprised between 150° C. and 500° C.; Heating (150) the treated biogenic material at a second temperature above 600° C. to pyrolyze the treated biogenic material; Grinding (160) the pyrolyzed biogenic material to obtain nanoparticles of biogenic material; and Mixing (180) nanoparticles of biogenic material with an organic solvent to form a nanofluid, said organic solvent comprising a low polarity solvent. The invention also relates to a nanofluid obtainable by the nanofluid preparation method and the use of such a nanofluid for example for reducing fines migration or enhanced crude oil recovery. The invention also relates to a system for enhanced crude oil recovery from a reservoir well.

A method of increasing the strength of a carbonate rock is described. The carbonate rock may be located within a subterranean carbonate formation or may be located on a building exterior. The method involves contacting the carbonate rock with a composition comprising a zinc salt or a silicon alkoxide. This may increase the hardness of the carbonate rock by 10% or more.

A method of increasing the strength of a carbonate rock is described. The carbonate rock may be located within a subterranean carbonate formation or may be located on a building exterior. The method involves contacting the carbonate rock with a composition comprising a zinc salt or a silicon alkoxide. This may increase the hardness of the carbonate rock by 10% or more.

The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting water permeation in an extraction well of a hydrocarbon oil from an underground reservoir which comprises injecting into said reservoir at least one polymerizable composition comprising: at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (hydrophilic initiator), at least one lipophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (lipophilic initiator). The present invention also relates to the polymerizable compositions that can be used in said method.

The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting water permeation in an extraction well of a hydrocarbon oil from an underground reservoir which comprises injecting into said reservoir at least one polymerizable composition comprising: at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (hydrophilic initiator), at least one lipophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (lipophilic initiator). The present invention also relates to the polymerizable compositions that can be used in said method.

Nano-sized mixed metal oxide carriers capable of delivering a well treatment additive for a sustained or extended period of time in the environment of use, methods of making the nanoparticles, and uses thereof are described herein. The nanoparticles can have a formula of:
A/[M.sub.x.sup.1M.sub.y.sup.2M.sub.z.sup.3]O.sub.nH.sub.m
where x is 0.03 to 3, y is 0.01 to 0.4, z is 0.01 to 0.4 and n and m are determined by the oxidation states of the other elements, and M.sup.1 can be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl). M.sup.2 and M.sup.3 are not the same and can be a Column 2 metal, Column 14 metal, or a transition metal. A is can be a treatment additive.