A method for preparing stable liquid emulsion forms of plant extract is provided. A plant extract having a bitter flavor is mixed with diluent oil as an oil mixture and heat is applied to the oil mixture. An emulsifying agent is dispersed in water as an emulsifying solution. The oil mixture is mixed with the emulsifying solution. The mixed oil mixture and emulsifying solution is homogenized as a liquid form of the plant extract. Gluconic acid is added to the liquid form of the plant extract. The bitter flavor of the plant extract is disguised by adding a bitter blocker to the liquid form of the plant extract.

A method for preparing stable liquid emulsion forms of plant extract is provided. A plant extract having a bitter flavor is mixed with diluent oil as an oil mixture and heat is applied to the oil mixture. An emulsifying agent is dispersed in water as an emulsifying solution. The oil mixture is mixed with the emulsifying solution. The mixed oil mixture and emulsifying solution is homogenized as a liquid form of the plant extract. Gluconic acid is added to the liquid form of the plant extract. The bitter flavor of the plant extract is disguised by adding a bitter blocker to the liquid form of the plant extract.

In one aspect, a spray foam chemical conversion coating includes a non-hexavalent chromium aqueous chemical conversion coating solution, a foaming agent, and a propellant. In another aspect, a method of producing a corrosion-resistant coating includes spraying a foam chemical conversion coating on a surface of a metal substrate, allowing the foam chemical conversion coating to react with the surface, and removing excess foam chemical conversion coating from the surface. The foam chemical conversion coating contains no hexavalent chromium.

In one aspect, a spray foam chemical conversion coating includes a non-hexavalent chromium aqueous chemical conversion coating solution, a foaming agent, and a propellant. In another aspect, a method of producing a corrosion-resistant coating includes spraying a foam chemical conversion coating on a surface of a metal substrate, allowing the foam chemical conversion coating to react with the surface, and removing excess foam chemical conversion coating from the surface. The foam chemical conversion coating contains no hexavalent chromium.

The present invention relates to a surfactant-stabilized fluid interface, comprising a layer of surfactant and a first compound containing a hydrophobic part covalently linked to a molecular recognition site, wherein the surfactant-stabilized fluid interface has a first fluid on one side and a second fluid on the other side, wherein the surfactant stabilizes the fluid interface, wherein the hydrophobic part of the first compound is interacting with the layer of surfactant by secondary non-covalent interactions and the molecular recognition site of the first compound extends from the layer of surfactant, and wherein the surfactant is a block-copolymer having at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block. The present invention further relates to a dispersion comprising one or more droplets having a surfactant stabilized fluid interface.

A surfactant comprising the reaction product of: (a) an epoxidised carboxylic acid ester; and (b) a compound including at least one reactive alcohol and/or amino functional group.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to asphalt emulsifiers. An emulsifier has the structure R.sup.1—C(O)-A-(CH.sub.2).sub.n—N(R.sup.2) (R.sup.3), or a salt thereof wherein the —N(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3) nitrogen is quaternized as —N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4), or an N-oxide thereof wherein the —N(R.sup.2) (R.sup.3) nitrogen is oxidized as —N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)(O.sup.−). The variable A is —NH— or —O—. The variable R.sup.1 is chosen from (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkyl, (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkenyl, and substituted (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkenyl. The variables R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently chosen from (C.sub.1-C.sub.10)alkyl and substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.10)alkyl. The variable R.sup.4 is chosen from —H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl, and substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl. The variable n is 1 to 10. Various embodiments include methods of making the emulsifier such as from a fatty acid source and an amine starting material, emulsions including the emulsifier and methods of making the same, and methods of using the emulsion including contacting asphalt or bitumen with the emulsion.

The invention relates to compositions containing water-soluble poly(oxazoline) and organic polymer particles chosen from the group of polyolefins, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl esters, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxilic acid esters, polycarboxylic acid amides, polynitriles, polysulfonic acids, polyketones, polysulfones, polymeric polyols, polyurethanes, proteins, polymeric carbohydrates, nucleic acids or from a mixture of two or more of these polymers. The water-soluble poly(oxazolin) acts as a stabilizer for the polymer particles and can particularly advantageously be used as a stabilizer in the freeze-drying of aqueous polymer dispersions.

The invention relates to compositions containing water-soluble poly(oxazoline) and organic polymer particles chosen from the group of polyolefins, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl esters, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxilic acid esters, polycarboxylic acid amides, polynitriles, polysulfonic acids, polyketones, polysulfones, polymeric polyols, polyurethanes, proteins, polymeric carbohydrates, nucleic acids or from a mixture of two or more of these polymers. The water-soluble poly(oxazolin) acts as a stabilizer for the polymer particles and can particularly advantageously be used as a stabilizer in the freeze-drying of aqueous polymer dispersions.

A surfactant comprising the reaction product of: (a) an epoxidised carboxylic acid ester; and (b) a compound including at least one reactive alcohol and/or amino functional group.