Well treatment fluids may include solid particles comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, barium hydroxide, and ammonium thiocyanate. These well treatment fluids may also include a carrier fluid, which may be an aqueous polymeric fluid, an oil, or combinations thereof. The aqueous polymeric fluid may include a polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, cellulose, or polyacrylamide. The oil may include a material selected from the group consisting of diesel, mineral oil, and wax. Methods for reducing an acid carbonate reaction in a carbonate formation may include pumping a composition of solid particles into a formation; releasing the solid particles from the capsules or emulsion within the formation; and injecting an acid following the releasing step or during pumping, wherein the acid carbonate reaction is carried out at a reduced reaction rate.

A conductive material dispersion containing a dispersant that satisfies the following (1) and (2), a carbon-based conductive material (C), and a medium (D) containing at least water. (1) Contains a polymer (A) having one or more selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing structural units, carboxyl group-containing structural units, hydroxyl group-containing structural units, and heterocycle-containing structural units and having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 or more and 360,000 or less. (2) Contains a component (B) other than a polymer and derived from the raw materials of the polymer (A); and the content of the component (B) is 2 mass % or less based on the total mass of the dispersant.

The present application provides a dispersant and a preparation method thereof, a slurry composition and a preparation method thereof, an electrode, and an apparatus containing the electrode plate. The dispersant includes a block copolymer having a first block and a second block, the first block includes a first repeating structural unit shown in Formula I) and a second repeating structural unit shown in Formula II), and the second block includes a third repeating structural unit shown in Formula III) and a fourth repeating structural unit shown in Formula IV), in which n is any integer from 1-25, R.sub.1 to R.sub.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, nitro, sulfonyl, amide, ester, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl or alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl and R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 have a dipole moment of greater than 210.sup.30 C.Math.m.

The present application provides a dispersant and a preparation method thereof, a slurry composition and a preparation method thereof, an electrode, and an apparatus containing the electrode plate. The dispersant includes a block copolymer having a first block and a second block, the first block includes a first repeating structural unit shown in Formula I) and a second repeating structural unit shown in Formula II), and the second block includes a third repeating structural unit shown in Formula III) and a fourth repeating structural unit shown in Formula IV), in which n is any integer from 1-25, R.sub.1 to R.sub.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, nitro, sulfonyl, amide, ester, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl or alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl and R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 have a dipole moment of greater than 210.sup.30 C.Math.m.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for producing a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion that includes a step of centrifuging a separation target SWCNT dispersion containing SWCNTs that include semiconducting SWCNTs and metallic SWCNTs, an aqueous medium, and a polymer, and then collecting a supernatant liquid containing the semiconducting SWCNTs. The polymer is a copolymer that includes a structural unit A derived from a monomer represented by Formula (1) below and a structural unit B derived from a monomer represented by Formula (3) below.

CH.sub.2?CR.sup.0COOM (1)

CH.sub.2?CR.sup.5COO-(EO).sub.p-(PO).sub.q-R.sup.6 (3)

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a dispersant for a positive electrode of a power storage device, the dispersant being a copolymer containing a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1), a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (2), and a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (3). Also, an aspect of the present disclosure relates to a dispersant composition, a conductive material slurry for a battery and a method for producing the conductive material slurry a positive electrode paste for a battery or a positive electrode for a battery, each of which contains the dispersant for a positive electrode of a power storage device.

##STR00001##

Provided is a dispersant for carbon fibers which allows uniform dispersion of relatively long carbon fibers, e.g., carbon fibers with a length of 12.5 mm or more, particularly 10.0-100.0 mm, more particularly 12.5-50.0 mm in an aqueous medium.

A dispersant for carbon fibers used by combining: (A) a random copolymer of phenylglycidyl ether and ethylene oxide, or a random copolymer of phenylglycidyl ether, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (B) a polyether-based polyurethane resin based on a bifunctional polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate, the bifunctional polyol being polyethylene glycol and/or an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer.

Disclosed is a dispersing agent for agrochemicals, said dispersing agent which comprises a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing a structural unit having a nonionic hydrophilicity group in side chain, and having a saponification degree of 95 mol % or more. The dispersing agent for agrochemicals can provide a dispersion in which a hardly water-soluble agrochemical active ingredient employed for a dispersoid is dispersed in a stable state even in the case where the dispersoid has a relatively large particle size.

A modified vinyl alcohol polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), and having a water-insoluble content of 1,000 ppm or less. In the formula (1), X, Y, and Z each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a vinylphenyl group, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated phenyl group, an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a mercaptoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an ureidoalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an isocyanate alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and containing an epoxy group, a group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and containing an acrylamide group, a group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and containing a methacrylamide group, an acetoxy group, or a group represented by (CH.sub.2).sub.nOR.sup.1 (wherein R.sup.1 represents, e.g., an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of 0 to 6).

##STR00001##

Provided is a novel technique related to electrochemical devices that can cause an electrochemical device to display excellent rate characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics. The electrochemical device is produced using a dispersant composition for an electrochemical device that contains a polymer A. This polymer A includes a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and has an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.15 dL/g and less than 1.20 dL/g when dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and measured at a temperature of 25? C.