Treating a sulfide scale includes contacting the sulfide scale with an oxidizing composition that includes a first oxidizer and a second oxidizer.

A composite for controlling the release of a well treatment agent or for inhibiting or preventing the formation of contaminants into a fluid or a surface within a reservoir contains a well treatment agent adsorbed onto a water-insoluble or oil-insoluble adsorbent, the adsorbent having a surface area between from about 110 m.sup.2/g to about 700 m.sup.2/g. The composite may be also used to monitor the production of fluids from the reservoir or the flow of fluids in the reservoir.

Portable/transportable apparatuses, methods, and systems for generating and delivering sulfur trioxide on-site or near an item to be treated is provided. A method for extracting hydrocarbons from deposits containing a clathrate hydrate such as methane hydrates includes a step of delivering sulfur trioxide to an ice deposit containing a clathrate hydrate and subsequently extracting linear or branched hydrocarbons.

An N-vinyl amide polymer is disclosed. The N-vinyl amide polymer is a reaction product of: a monomer component comprising an N-vinyl amide; and a chain transfer agent of the formula: ##STR00001## wherein each occurrence of R.sub.1 is independently a C.sub.1-20 alkylene, a C.sub.1-20 heteroalkylene, a C.sub.3-20 cycloalkylene, a C.sub.3-20 heterocycloalkylene, a C.sub.6-20 arylene, or a combination thereof, and R.sub.1 is substituted or unsubstituted; R.sub.2 is a divalent or multivalent organic group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms; and n is at least 2.

The instant invention concerns a gas hydrate inhibitor comprising an N alkyl N′ (N″,N″-dialkylammoniumalkyl)dicarboxylic acid diamide salt represented by the formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1- to C.sub.22 alkyl group or a C.sub.3- to C.sub.22 alkenyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R4 is hydrogen, A is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, B is an alkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, Y is NR.sup.5, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1- to C.sub.22 alkyl group or a C.sub.3- to C.sub.22 alkenyl group, and M− is an anion,
a process for producing a compound according to formula (I), the use of an N alkyl N′—(N″,N″-dialkylammoniumalkyl)dicarboxylic acid diamide salt of the formula (I) as an anti-agglomerant for gas hydrates, and a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates which comprises the addition of an N alkyl N′ (N″,N″dialkylammmoniumalkyl)dicarboxylic acid diamide salt of the formula (I) to a fluid containing gas and water.

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms,
into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates,
wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by formula (I) is produced by the aminolysis of an ester of a fatty acid and a C.sub.1- to C.sub.4-alcohol with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates, wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) is produced by the condensation reaction of a fatty acid with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

Compositions and methods of using such compositions to inhibit the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In certain embodiments, the methods include: contacting a fluid with a hydrate inhibitor composition that includes at least one compound having the structural formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or any C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbon chain; each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is independently a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbon chain; R.sub.4 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon chain, or —CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—R.sub.5; R.sub.5 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl chain or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkenyl chain; X.sup.− is a counter anion; and n is an integer from 1 to 8.

A method for administering a composition for exploiting natural gas hydrates. The method includes the following steps: injecting the reagent A into the tube A; injecting the reagent B into the tube B; stretching the tube A and the tube B into a hydrate reservoir by using a reagent injection instrument; regulating a flow rate according to a proportion of each component; allowing the reagents to react at a preset reservoir position; and allowing water in the reservoir to participate in the reaction at the same time, wherein a reaction product is used for supporting the reservoir.

A nano-organosilicon film-forming and hydrophobic shale surface hydration inhibitor is obtained by performing hydrophobic modification for nano-particles through long-chain organosilicon together with a surface-active agent. A preparation method of the said hydrophobic shale surface hydration inhibitor comprises steps as follows: nano-particles are added to the solvent under stirring conditions, and then an ultrasonic dispersion is performed; upon the end of the ultrasonic dispersion, the reaction system is adjusted to a pH of 9-11 to obtain mixed solution A; a long-chain organosilicon solution is then dropwise added to the mixed solution A for reaction under stirring conditions to obtain mixed solution B; a surface-active agent is added to the mixed solution B for reaction under stirring conditions; upon the reaction is finished, part of the solvent is removed to obtain the inhibitor.