Described herein are gold (III) compounds according to formula (I) for use as emitters in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and methods of making and using said compounds. The gold (III) compound includes a group 15 element containing tridentate ligand and one aryl auxiliary ligand that are both coordinated to the gold (III) metal center to form a series of thermally stable and highly luminescent gold (III) complexes. The gold (III) compounds disclosed herein can be used as light-emitting material for fabrication of OLEDs. The gold (III) compounds can be deposited as a layer or a component of a layer using a solution processing technique or a vacuum deposition process. The gold (III) compounds are robust and can provide electroluminescence with high efficiency and brightness.

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A conductive laminate and an electrochromic device including the conductive laminate are disclosed. The conductive laminate includes a metal oxynitride layer, a metal oxide layer, and a conductive layer. The metal oxynitride layer, the metal oxide layer or both may comprise monovalent cations. The metal oxynitride layer may be represented by Mo.sub.aTi.sub.bO.sub.xN.sub.y where a>0, b>0, x>0, y>0, 0.5<a/b<4.0, and 0.005<y/x<0.02. The metal oxide layer may comprise a reducing electrochromic material or an oxidizing electrochromic material. The electroconductive laminate and the electrochromic device have excellent durability, excellent color-switching speed, and can stepwise control optical properties.

Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present invention can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

Novel compounds including at least two donor groups G.sup.D and at least two acceptor groups G.sup.A are disclosed. In these compounds, each donor group G.sup.D and acceptor group G.sup.A can be the same or different; any pair of donor groups G.sup.D is separated by at least one acceptor group G.sup.A; any pair of acceptor groups G.sup.A is separated by at least one donor group G.sup.D; and the total number of the donor groups G.sup.D is equal to the total number of the acceptor groups G.sup.A. Organic light emitting devices, consumer products, formulations, and chemical structures containing the compounds are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a novel triscarbazole compound having substituent on N-phenyl, which can be represented by Formula (I). wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen or alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms wherein at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced by halogen; R.sub.A, R.sub.B, R.sub.C, R.sub.D and R.sub.E are any of substituents other than hydrogen wherein at least two of R.sub.1 and R.sub.A may further form a fused ring; and i, j, k, l and m are same or different at each occurrence and represent an integer from 0 to 4, with the proviso that when R.sub.1 is hydrogen, i is not 0. By introduction of the substituent on N-phenyl, the device efficiency, stability and lifetime can be increased while maintaining the solubility. These compounds can be used in various organic devices such as organic light emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells or organic semiconductor devices. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a method for preparing a series of carbazole derivatives and use thereof in organic light-emitting diodes. The structure of the material is as shown in Formula I. An organic electroluminescent device prepared by the material can have a significantly improved power efficiency and an external quantum efficiency for the device and an extended life for an orange light or red light device; moreover, the material has characteristics, for example, methods for the synthesis and purification of the material are simple and suitable for large-scale production, and is an ideal choice as a luminescent material for organic electroluminescent devices. The use of the organic electroluminescent diode material as a carrier transport material or as a luminescent material alone or as a host material in a light-emitting layer also falls within the scope of protection. ##STR00001##

Use of transition metal complexes of the formula (I) in organic light-emitting diodes ##STR00001## where: M.sup.1 is a metal atom; carbene is a carbene ligand; L is a monoanionic or dianionic ligand; K is an uncharged monodentate or bidentate ligand selected from the group consisting of phosphines; CO; pyridines; nitriles and conjugated dienes which form a complex with M.sup.1; n is the number of carbene ligands and is at least 1; m is the number of ligands L, where m can be 0 or 1; o is the number of ligands K, where o can be 0 or 1; where the sum n+m+o is dependent on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom and on the denticity of the ligands carbene, L and K and also on the charge on the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 1, and also
an OLED comprising these transition metal complexes, a light-emitting layer comprising these transition metal complexes, OLEDs comprising this light-emitting layer, devices comprising an OLED according to the present invention, and specific transition metal complexes comprising at least two carbene ligands.

A variety of compounds are provided capable of chelating a metal, in particular a lanthanide such as Eu(III) and Tb(III). Luminescent complexes of the compound and a metal ion are also provided, in particular luminescent metal complexes are provided containing a lanthanide such as Eu(III) or Tb(III) and a compound described herein. In some aspects, the luminescent complexes are capable of exhibiting bright emissions with high quantum yields. Methods of making the compound are provided. Methods of using the compounds and luminescent complexes are also provided, for example for imaging and therapeutic applications.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, a ligand to bind to a surface of the quantum dot, an additive having an amine group, and a precursor comprising an organometallic compound, the composition forming a modified quantum dot having a reformed surface characteristic. A light emitting element including the modified quantum dot may have improved lifespan, luminous efficiency, and material stability.

Disclosed are nanostructures comprising Ag, In, Ga, and S and a shell comprising Ag, Ga and S, wherein the nanostructures have a peak wavelength emission of 480-545 nm and wherein at least about 80% of the emission is band-edge emission. Also disclosed are methods of making the nanostructures.