Implementations of the present disclosure relate to a method of operating a coker unit comprising the steps of: collecting a coker-furnace feed stream; introducing the coker-furnace feed-stream into a coker furnace for producing a coker-drum feed stream; and introducing a hydrogen-donor gas into either or both of the coker-furnace feed stream or the coker-drum feed stream.

The invention provides a method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, which comprises: using waste biomass from agriculture and forestry as raw materials, conducting pyrolysis carbonization reaction at 630˜720° C. under oxygen-limited or oxygen-insulation conditions, obtaining biochar and bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture after gas-solid separation of the products; treating the bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture obtained with a biochar catalyst at 690˜850° C., carrying out bio-tar catalytic cracking to obtain small molecular combustible gas and light bio-tar, preserving heat and ageing the biochar obtained at 530˜650° C. then making a kind of biochar catalyst. The invention further provides an integrated device used for the method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, comprising: a spiral feeder, a pyrolysis carbonization device and a catalysis device. The method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass and the device thereof according to the invention can solve the problems presented in the existing methods such as high energy consumption, high cost, and low utilization ratio of energy.

The invention provides a method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, which comprises: using waste biomass from agriculture and forestry as raw materials, conducting pyrolysis carbonization reaction at 630˜720° C. under oxygen-limited or oxygen-insulation conditions, obtaining biochar and bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture after gas-solid separation of the products; treating the bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture obtained with a biochar catalyst at 690˜850° C., carrying out bio-tar catalytic cracking to obtain small molecular combustible gas and light bio-tar, preserving heat and ageing the biochar obtained at 530˜650° C. then making a kind of biochar catalyst. The invention further provides an integrated device used for the method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, comprising: a spiral feeder, a pyrolysis carbonization device and a catalysis device. The method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass and the device thereof according to the invention can solve the problems presented in the existing methods such as high energy consumption, high cost, and low utilization ratio of energy.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

The present invention relates to a liquid/solid two-phase defoamer composition for reducing hydrocarbon foam and silicon carry-over, comprising a liquid polydimethylsiloxane and a solid silica powder, having effects of reducing the amount of foam generated during the thermal cracking reaction in a delayed coker and suppressing deactivation of catalysts by reducing the silicon carry-over to the subsequent processes.

The present invention relates to a liquid/solid two-phase defoamer composition for reducing hydrocarbon foam and silicon carry-over, comprising a liquid polydimethylsiloxane and a solid silica powder, having effects of reducing the amount of foam generated during the thermal cracking reaction in a delayed coker and suppressing deactivation of catalysts by reducing the silicon carry-over to the subsequent processes.

Systems, methods and apparatus for the thermal conversion of carbonaceous feedstock material into biochar. The carbonaceous feedstock material may be harvested, preprocessed and pyrolyzed. An amount of carbonaceous feedstock material is received. An amount of a catalyst is applied to the carbonaceous feedstock material. The carbonaceous feedstock material and the applied catalyst is heated in an anaerobic environment to a temperature of at least 300 C. The biochar material is then generated.

Systems, methods and apparatus for the thermal conversion of carbonaceous feedstock material into biochar. The carbonaceous feedstock material may be harvested, preprocessed and pyrolyzed. An amount of carbonaceous feedstock material is received. An amount of a catalyst is applied to the carbonaceous feedstock material. The carbonaceous feedstock material and the applied catalyst is heated in an anaerobic environment to a temperature of at least 300 C. The biochar material is then generated.

Implementations of the present disclosure relate to a method of operating a coker unit comprising the steps of: collecting a coker-furnace feed stream; introducing the coker-furnace feed-stream into a coker furnace for producing a coker-drum feed stream; and introducing a hydrogen-donor gas into either or both of the coker-furnace feed stream or the coker-drum feed stream.