The present disclosure provides for processes for producing light hydrocarbons. In an embodiment, a process includes pressurizing the hydrocarbon feed in one or more pumps producing a pressurized hydrocarbon feed and heating the pressurized hydrocarbon feed in one or more heat exchangers to produce a heated hydrocarbon feed. The process includes mixing the heated hydrocarbon feed with water and separating an inter-stage hydrocarbon feed from interstage water. The process includes mixing the inter-stage hydrocarbon feed with water and separating a desalted hydrocarbon feed from outlet water. The process includes pyrolysing the desalted hydrocarbon feed in a steam cracker.

A method of treating a contaminated oil comprising preparing a brine solution, adding ozone to the brine solution to produce ozonated brine solution, adding a volume of ozonated brine solution to a volume of the contaminated oil, mixing the volumes of contaminated oil and ozonated brine solution with coagulant and surfactant at a shear rate sufficiently high so as to cause formation of an emulsion of the contaminated oil and the brine solution, stopping the mixing, thereby causing the emulsion to separate into an aqueous brine liquid phase and an oil liquid phase, separating the brine liquid phase from the oil liquid phase, and separating at least one contaminant from the oil liquid phase to produce a volume of purified oil.

A method of treating a contaminated oil comprising preparing a brine solution, adding ozone to the brine solution to produce ozonated brine solution, adding a volume of ozonated brine solution to a volume of the contaminated oil, mixing the volumes of contaminated oil and ozonated brine solution with coagulant and surfactant at a shear rate sufficiently high so as to cause formation of an emulsion of the contaminated oil and the brine solution, stopping the mixing, thereby causing the emulsion to separate into an aqueous brine liquid phase and an oil liquid phase, separating the brine liquid phase from the oil liquid phase, and separating at least one contaminant from the oil liquid phase to produce a volume of purified oil.

An apparatus for mixing wash water and crude oil includes a crude oil pipe, a wash water manifold, a plurality of conduits, and a flow controller. The crude oil pipe includes a wall having an interior surface, an exterior surface, and a plurality of wash water injectors. The plurality of wash water injectors are angularly distributed on a circumferential band of the wall of the crude oil pipe. The flow controller is operable to regulate wash water flow through the plurality of conduits. Each of the plurality of wash water injectors is fluidly coupled to the wash water manifold by one of the plurality of conduits. The plurality of wash water injectors are arranged to provide mixing of the wash water and the crude oil when the wash water is injected into the crude oil pipe through the plurality of wash water injectors.

A system and method for cleaning sulfur and other pollutants from bunker oil to be used for fuel in large cargo ships is described. Preferably, the system includes two or more stages having a mixer to create an emulsion of oil and water. One or more treatment chemicals are added to the water before it is mixed with the oil in order to assist in separating the sulfur from the oil and freeing it up so that it can combine with various other molecules present in the water or be dissolved in the water. The emulsion may pass through a microcavitation chamber as well as an electrolysis reactor chamber in order to further clean the fuel oil by removing additional sulfur content. The clean fuel is sent to a fuel service tank for use in a diesel engine combustion cycle.

A system and method for cleaning sulfur and other pollutants from bunker oil to be used for fuel in large cargo ships is described. Preferably, the system includes two or more stages having a mixer to create an emulsion of oil and water. One or more treatment chemicals are added to the water before it is mixed with the oil in order to assist in separating the sulfur from the oil and freeing it up so that it can combine with various other molecules present in the water or be dissolved in the water. The emulsion may pass through a microcavitation chamber as well as an electrolysis reactor chamber in order to further clean the fuel oil by removing additional sulfur content. The clean fuel is sent to a fuel service tank for use in a diesel engine combustion cycle.

An integrated upgrading process for upgrading a heavy oil, the process comprising the steps of introducing a heavy oil to a visbreaker unit; processing the heavy oil in the visbreaker unit to produce a visbreaker product stream; feeding the visbreaker product stream to a fractionator; separating the visbreaker product stream in the fractionator to produce a bottoms stream, a gas oil stream, a naphtha stream, and a gas product stream; feeding the bottoms stream to a supercritical water unit; and processing the bottoms stream in the supercritical water unit to produce an upgraded bottoms stream.

Embodiments of the disclosure include a salt analyzer for crude oil. The crude oil salt analyzer includes a salt concentration model that determines a salt concentration from desalting process parameters that may include a demulsifier flowrate, a crude oil temperature, a crude oil flowrate, a desalting electrostatic grids voltage, a wash water flowrate, and a disposal water flow rate. The crude oil salt analyzer may compare the salt concentration to a threshold concentration to determine if the salt concentration exceeds the threshold concentration and may perform or initiate actions based on the comparison. Methods, computer-readable media, and plant information systems using the crude oil salt analyzer are also provided.

A method for removing alkali metal from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising alkali metal, non-alkali metal and sulfur. The method includes separating out at least a portion of any alkali metal sulfide and a portion of any non-alkali metal from the hydrocarbon feedstock. Hydrogen sulfide can be added to the remaining hydrocarbon feedstock to form alkali hydrosulfide from any alkali metal remaining in the hydrocarbon feedstock. The alkali hydrosulfide is then separated from the hydrocarbon feedstock. Alkali metal may be removed from the alkali metal sulfide separated out from the hydrocarbon feedstock. Alkali hydrosulfide may be treated to form alkali metal sulfide, and alkali metal may also be removed from the formed alkali metal sulfide.

A method is disclosed for preparing fuel components from waste pyrolysis oil. Exemplary embodiments include providing a waste pyrolysis oil having plastic pyrolysis oil and/or tyre pyrolysis oil, and impurities; purifying the waste pyrolysis oil by hydrothermal treatment with water or alkaline water; separating the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil from an aqueous phase; preparing a hydroprocessing feed from the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil; hydroprocessing the hydroprocessing feed catalytically with hydrogen to cause hydrogenation; and recovering a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in a liquid fuel range.