A method of generating a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor with a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber and configured to rotate about a central rotational axis X, rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed of 100 m/s to 1000 m/s to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from the first reaction chamber end to the second reaction chamber end; and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, including pressure of 5 MPa to 500 MPa and temperature within a range of 200 C. to 1000 C., the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.

A method of generating a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor with a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber and configured to rotate about a central rotational axis X, rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed of 100 m/s to 1000 m/s to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from the first reaction chamber end to the second reaction chamber end; and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, including pressure of 5 MPa to 500 MPa and temperature within a range of 200 C. to 1000 C., the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.

The invention generally relates to processes for separating steam cracker products by fractional distillation, and to systems and apparatus useful in such processes. More specifically, the invention relates to decreasing the amount of fractionator fouling that can result from increasing the amount of hydrocarbon molecules in the steam cracker feed having four or fewer carbon atoms.

The invention generally relates to processes for separating steam cracker products by fractional distillation, and to systems and apparatus useful in such processes. More specifically, the invention relates to decreasing the amount of fractionator fouling that can result from increasing the amount of hydrocarbon molecules in the steam cracker feed having four or fewer carbon atoms.

A process of producing a distillate fuel from lignin includes: preparing a biomass-derived lignin solvent; dissolving the lignin in the biomass-derived solvent; and separating undissolved lignin and mineral matter to produce a syncrude. In certain embodiments, the process further includes subjecting the syncrude to a hydrotreatment/hydrogenation process to produce a distillate fuel. A process to improve direct lignin liquefaction includes: using a non-hydrogenated lipid in a direct lignin liquefaction process to facilitate lignin depolymerization. A process for using a biomass-derived feedstock as a hydrogen donor includes: providing a biomass-derived feedstock; modifying the feedstock to improve its usefulness as a hydrogen donor; and conducting a transfer hydrogenation process using the modified feedstock as a hydrogen donor.

An integrated process for forming a combined feedstock stream comprising catalytically cracking a first hydrocarbon feedstock to form a full range cracked full naphtha stream and a first light olefins stream, steam cracking a second hydrocarbon feedstock to form a pyrolysis gasoline stream and a second light olefins stream mixing at least a portion of each of the full range cracked naphtha stream and the pyrolysis gasoline stream to form a combined stream, hydro-processing the combined stream to form a hydro-processed combined stream splitting the hydro-processed combined stream into a C.sub.5/C.sub.6 stream, and a first aromatic rich stream, splitting the first aromatic rich stream into a second aromatic rich stream and a heavy oil stream.

A process for the desulphurization of a gasoline cut containing sulphur-containing compounds, olefins and diolefins, involving (a) fractionating the gasoline in order to recover a light gasoline cut LCN and a first heavy gasoline cut HCN; (b) desulphurization of the first heavy gasoline cut HCN; (c) partially condensing desulphurization effluent obtained from b) in a manner such as to produce a gaseous phase of hydrogen and H.sub.2S and a liquid hydrocarbon phase HCN of dissolved H.sub.2S; (d) separating the liquid hydrocarbon phase HCN into an intermediate gasoline cut MCN and a second heavy gasoline cut HHCN; (e) carrying out a second desulphurization of the second heavy gasoline cut HHCN.

A process for the desulphurization of a gasoline cut containing sulphur-containing compounds, olefins and diolefins, involving (a) fractionating the gasoline in order to recover a light gasoline cut LCN and a first heavy gasoline cut HCN; (b) desulphurization of the first heavy gasoline cut HCN; (c) partially condensing desulphurization effluent obtained from b) in a manner such as to produce a gaseous phase of hydrogen and H.sub.2S and a liquid hydrocarbon phase HCN of dissolved H.sub.2S; (d) separating the liquid hydrocarbon phase HCN into an intermediate gasoline cut MCN and a second heavy gasoline cut HHCN; (e) carrying out a second desulphurization of the second heavy gasoline cut HHCN.

Methods and systems for producing olefins and aromatics are provided. Methods can include removing silica from the coker naphtha feedstock to produce a first effluent, hydrogenating the first effluent to produce a second effluent, reacting the second effluent to produce a third effluent comprising aromatics, a fourth effluent comprising olefins, and a fifth effluent, separating the fourth effluent to produce a propylene product stream, an ethylene product stream, and a sixth effluent, recycling the sixth effluent by combining it with the second effluent.

Methods and systems for producing olefins and aromatics are provided. Methods can include removing silica from the coker naphtha feedstock to produce a first effluent, hydrogenating the first effluent to produce a second effluent, reacting the second effluent to produce a third effluent comprising aromatics, a fourth effluent comprising olefins, and a fifth effluent, separating the fourth effluent to produce a propylene product stream, an ethylene product stream, and a sixth effluent, recycling the sixth effluent by combining it with the second effluent.