The present disclosure relates to processes for the removal of paraffins. The processes generally include providing a C.sub.4 containing stream including isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, n-butane and isobutane, introducing the C.sub.4 containing stream into a paraffin removal process to form an olefin rich stream, wherein the paraffin removal process is selected from extractive distillation utilizing a solvent including an organonitrile, passing the C.sub.4 containing stream over a semi-permeable membrane and combinations thereof; and recovering the olefin rich stream from the paraffin removal process, wherein the olefin rich stream includes less than 5 wt. % paraffins.

In a process for upgrading paraffins and olefins, a first feed comprising C.sub.14 olefins is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in a first reaction zone under conditions effective for oligomerization of olefins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Deactivated catalyst is removed from the first reaction zone at a first temperature and is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas and a hydrocarbon-containing fuel in a regeneration zone to regenerate the catalyst and raise the temperature of the catalyst to a second, higher temperature. A second feed comprising C.sub.14 paraffins is contacted with the regenerated catalyst in a second reaction zone to convert at least some of the paraffins in the second feed to a reaction effluent comprising olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and regenerated catalyst; and the reaction effluent is supplied to the first reaction zone. A system for performing such a process and a product of such a process are also provided.

Methods and systems producing gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons from light paraffins are disclosed. Such methods may include exposing a paraffin-containing stream to a catalyst in a side riser of a fluid catalytic cracking reactor under effective conditions for dehydrogenating at least a portion of paraffins in the stream into olefins and thereby producing an olefin-containing stream, wherein the paraffin-containing stream comprises greater than 50 wt % isobutane; and alkylating olefins in the olefin-containing stream to produce a product stream comprising an alkylate fraction comprising hydrocarbons boiling between 100 F. and 400 F.

We provide a process, comprising: a. dehydrogenating natural gas liquid to produce a mixture comprising olefins and unconverted paraffins; b. without further purification or modification other than mixing with an isoparaffin, sending the mixture to a single alkylation reactor; c. alkylating the olefins with the isoparaffin, using an ionic liquid catalyst, to produce one or more alkylate products; and d. distilling the one or more alkylate products and collecting a bottoms distillation fraction that is a middle distillate blending component having a sulfur level of 50 wppm or less and a Bromine number less than 1.

In a process for reducing the level of benzene in a refinery gasoline feed containing benzene and at least one C.sub.4+ olefin, the feed is contacted with a first alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to react at least part of the C.sub.4+ olefin and benzene in the refinery gasoline feed and produce a first effluent containing C.sub.10+ hydrocarbons. At least part of the C.sub.10+ hydrocarbons is removed from the first effluent to produce a second effluent, which is then contacted with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst to produce a third effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the second effluent.

A mobile diesel fuel refinery system comprise a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the diesel fuel from the diesel fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst.

We provide a process, comprising:

a. dehydrogenating natural gas liquid to produce a mixture comprising olefins and unconverted paraffins;

b. without further purification or modification other than mixing with an isoparaffin, sending the mixture to a single alkylation reactor;

c. alkylating the olefins with the isoparaffin, using an ionic liquid catalyst, to produce one or more alkylate products; and

d. distilling the one or more alkylate products and collecting a bottoms distillation fraction that is a middle distillate blending component having a sulfur level of 50 wppm or less and a Bromine number less than 1.

Processes are provided for making an alkylate gasoline blending component, comprising: a. feeding an olefin feed comprising greater than 80 wppm of a sulfur contaminant comprising mercaptans, alkyl sulfides, and alkyl disulfides to a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, wherein a level of the sulfur contaminant accumulates in the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to make a sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst comprising 300 to 20,000 wppm of a sulfur; and b. alkylating the olefin feed with an isoparaffin using the sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst to make the alkylate gasoline blending component having a final boiling point below 221? C. An alkylation process exclusively utilizing coker LPG olefins is also provided.

Methods and systems for producing olefins and aromatics are provided. Methods can include removing silica from the coker naphtha feedstock to produce a first effluent, hydrogenating the first effluent to produce a second effluent, reacting the second effluent to produce a third effluent comprising aromatics, a fourth effluent comprising olefins, and a fifth effluent, separating the fourth effluent to produce a propylene product stream, an ethylene product stream, and a sixth effluent, recycling the sixth effluent by combining it with the second effluent.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. Hydrocarbon-containing materials are also used as feedstocks.