A process for producing renewable distillate-range hydrocarbons is provided. The process includes dehydrating a renewable C2-C6 alcohol feedstock to produce an olefin, oligomerizing the olefin the presence of a halometallate ionic liquid catalyst to produce an oligomer product and hydrogenating the oligomer product or fractions thereof to produce saturated distillate-range hydrocarbons.

A bio-renewable conversion process for making fuel from bio-renewable feedstocks is combined with a hydrogen production process that includes recovery of CO.sub.2. The integrated process uses a purge gas stream comprising hydrogen from the bio-renewable hydrocarbon production process in the hydrogen production process.

The disclosure relates to a process for converting lignin (10) to renewable product (80), wherein the process comprises the following steps; mixing (100) lignin (10) with aqueous solution (20) to obtain a mixture (30); heating (110) the mixture (30) of step (a) to a temperature between 290 and 350° C., under a pressure from 70 to 165 bar, to obtain a first product mix (40); separating aqueous phase (53) and oil phase (50), and optionally gas (51) and solids (52), of the first product mix (40) of step (b); and heating (130) the oil phase (50) of step (c) and solvent (60) to obtain a second product mix (70). The second product mix (70) can be used as such, it can be directed to separation (140) or it can be upgraded. The obtained liquid renewable product is suitable as chemicals, fuel, fuel components or feedstock for fuel production.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a furnace having a heated portion arranged adjacent to an unheated portion. A plurality of straight tubes are formed of a first material and are at least partially disposed in the heated portion. A plurality of return bends are operatively coupled to the plurality of straight tubes. The plurality of return bends are formed of a second material and are at least partially disposed in the unheated portion. The first material exhibits a maximum temperature greater than the second material thereby facilitating increased run time of the furnace. The second material exhibits wear-resistance properties greater than the first material thereby facilitating wear-resistance of the furnace.

A method to produce a fuel product such as jet fuel, diesel or single battlefield fuel from a Fischer Tropsch syncrude comprising the steps of: 1) Separating the HFTL product from the reactor effluent gasses at reactor temperature and partially cooling the reactor effluent gas before transferring it to the enhanced hot separator; 2) enhancing the hot separator downstream of the Fischer Tropsch reactor with trays or packing and also adding reflux of the LFTL product, to improve separation efficiency and substantially reduce the C16+ portion of the hydrocarbons in the LFTL product; 3) combining the HFTL and MFTL product to from a combined HFTL product and further processing the combined HFTL in a hydroprocessing reactor that has a stacked bed with a layer of hydrocracking catalyst to crack the waxy C20+ hydrocarbons and a layer of hydroisomerization catalyst to isomerize the light fraction to increase the iso to n-paraffin ratio of the hydroprocessed product; 4) the LFTL product that is not recycled to the hot separator as reflux, bypasses the hydroprocessing reactor and is blended with the hydroprocessed product before distillation; and 5) the combined raw LFTL product and the hydroprocessed product is distilled to make naphtha, a fuel product, and a baseoil product. The method may be modified to make a single fuel product, preferably a jet fuel product.

Disclosed is a method for maximizing ethylene or propene production, the main steps thereof being: taking crude oil and distillate thereof, pre-processing urban mixed-waste plastics as raw material, then entering same into a catalytic cracking reactor, removing via a two-stage pre-wash tower and related separation, then cooling the reacted high-temperature oil and gas and removing impurities to obtain light and heavy distillate oils; performing a hydrogenation reaction operation on the heavy distillate oil; performing light distillate oil separation, performing a recombination operation on its olefins, its alkanes entering a steam cracking apparatus to produce rich ethylene, and its aromatic components being separated as by-products; the product of the described hydrogenation and recombination reaction and the steam-cracked distillate oil is recycled to the catalytic cracking reactor. In the production method of the present invention, the yield of ethylene and propene together is 45-75 m % of the raw material, and the yield of aromatics is 15-30 m % of the raw material; in particular, when using urban mixed-waste plastics as raw material, the ethylene or propene thus produced are used to produce new plastics by way of a conventional polymerization process, achieving the chemical recycling of waste plastics.

A new catalyst hydroisomerizes C18 paraffins from fatty acids to a high degree to produce a composition with acceptable freeze point which retains 18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule for jet fuel. We have discovered a fuel composition comprising at least 14 wt % hydrocarbon molecules having at least 18 carbon atoms and a freeze point not higher than −40° C. The composition also may exhibit a exhibiting a final boiling point of no more than 300° C. The hydroisomerization process can be once through or a portion of the product diesel stream may be selectively hydrocracked or recycled to hydroisomerization to obtain a fuel composition that meets jet fuel specifications.

The invention relates to a method for extracting hydrocarbon mixtures that have an increased proportion of hydrocarbons of a medium chain length (8 to 16 carbon atoms), or the corresponding pure compounds. Firstly, a starting material is provided that includes at least 50 wt. % unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds having oxygen. The compounds include olefin fragments of the formula —C.sub.1C.sub.xH.sub.2x—CH═CH—C.sub.yH2.sub.y+1 with at least 14 carbon atoms, carbon atom (C.sub.1) being saturated with substituted or unsubstituted heteroatoms and/or hydrogen. In a conversion reactor, this starting material is brought into contact with a porous catalyst based on carbon, in the absence of oxygen, and at a temperature of between 200 and 800° C.; and a product mixture that contains hydrocarbons is produced containing an increased proportion of hydrocarbons with medium chain lengths. Finally, the product mixture including hydrocarbons is collected and fed to a separating device in which a product separation is carried out.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

A process is presented for the control of the exotherm from an oligomerization process. The oligomerization process is for the conversion of C3 and C4 olefins to distillate. The process includes controlling the extent of the reaction to limit temperature rise, and recycle of a portion of the reactor effluent stream for dilution of the C3 and C4 olefins passed to the oligomerization reactors, and for separating out the product distillate.