A method may include: hydropyrolyzing a bio feedstock in a hydropyrolysis unit to produce at least a hydropyrolysis oil; introducing at least a portion of the hydropyrolysis oil with a hydrocarbon co-feed into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; and cracking the hydropyrolysis oil in the fluidized catalytic cracking unit to produce at least fuel range hydrocarbons.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes a first treating of a first mixture that includes a carboxylic acid having between 2 and 12 carbon atoms, inclusively, to form a second mixture that includes a ketone having between 2 and 25 carbon atoms, inclusively, and a second treating of at least a first portion of the second mixture to form a first product that includes a paraffin having 8 or more carbon atoms.

A process is disclosed for producing distillate range hydrocarbons using MTW and/or SSZ-41x catalysts.

A method of generating a reaction product from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor, the centrifuge reactor including: a central rotational axis X, and a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber with the centrifuge assembly configured to rotate about the central rotational axis X. The method further includes rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from a first reaction chamber end to a second reaction chamber end and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.

Systems and methods are provided for processing of challenged feedstocks to produce distillate fuel products, such as jet boiling range products and/or diesel boiling range products. The challenged feedstocks can have a high aromatics content, a low API gravity, and/or a low cetane index/cetane number. A feedstock can be processed to form distillate fuel products by processing the feedstock in reaction system including at least two stages. The first stage can perform an initial amount of hydrotreating and/or hydrocracking, while the second stage can include exposing a portion of the hydrotreated and/or hydrocracked effluent to a USY catalyst including a supported noble metal. The USY catalyst can have a desirable combination of catalyst properties. Processing a challenged feedstock in a second stage with the USY catalyst having a desirable combination of properties can allow for production of an increased yield of distillate fuel from the challenged feedstock.

Processes for converting methane and/or other hydrocarbons to synthesis gas (i.e., a gaseous mixture comprising H.sub.2 and CO) are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the hydrocarbon(s) is reacted with CO.sub.2. At least a second portion of the methane may be reacted with H.sub.2O (steam), thereby improving overall thermodynamics of the process, in terms of reducing endothermicity (ΔH) and the required energy input, compared to “pure” dry reforming in which no H.sub.2O is present. Such dry reforming (reaction with CO.sub.2 only) or CO.sub.2-steam reforming (reaction with both CO.sub.2 and steam) processes are advantageously integrated with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to yield liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Further integration may involve the use of a downstream finishing stage involving hydroisomerization to remove FT wax. Yet other integration options involve the use of combined CO.sub.2-steam reforming and FT synthesis stages (optionally with finishing) for producing liquid fuels from gas streams generated in a number of possible processes, including the hydropyrolysis of biomass.

A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio.

The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C.sub.7-C.sub.12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising a first-type cyclone cooler having a first configuration. The apparatus also provides one or more second-type cyclone coolers, wherein each one or more second-type cyclone coolers has a substantially identical second configuration to respective other one or more second-type cyclone coolers, wherein the second configuration is different than the first configuration. The apparatus may also provide an air cooled heat exchanger, a coil condenser and one or more bubblers. The first-type cyclone cooler and the one or more second-type cyclone coolers are connected. One of the one or more second-type cyclone coolers is connected to the air cooled heat exchanger. The air cooled heat exchanger is connected to the coil condenser. The coil condenser is connected to the one or more bubblers.

An integrated refinery process for removing mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream containing mercaptans and converting by-product disulfide oil to useful products. The process includes introducing the hydrocarbon stream containing mercaptans into an extraction vessel containing an alkaline solution and passing the hydrocarbon stream through an extraction section of the extraction vessel which includes one or more liquid-liquid contacting decks for reaction to convert the mercaptans to alkali metal alkanethiolates. Further, the process includes withdrawing a hydrocarbon product stream free of mercaptans from the extraction vessel and recovering spent caustic containing alkali metal alkanethiolates from the extraction vessel. Additionally, the process includes subjecting the spent caustic containing alkali metal alkanethiolates to air oxidation to produce a by-product stream containing disulfide oils (DSO) and sulfides and processing the by-product stream in a steam cracking unit to produce a DSO free product stream.