The invention relates to a process for reforming a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon gas and steam, said process comprising the steps of: a) in a synthesis gas generation reactor carrying out a reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon feed stream over a first catalyst, thereby forming a first synthesis gas; b) providing a heated CO.sub.2 rich stream to a post converter comprising a second catalyst; and c) in said post converter carrying out a methanation, steam reforming and reverse water gas shift reactions of the first synthesis gas and the heated CO.sub.2 rich stream to produce a product synthesis gas, wherein said second catalyst is heated electrically by means of an electrical power source. The invention moreover relates to a system arranged to carry out the process of the invention.

A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; sequentially removing ammoniacal, sulphurous and carbon dioxide impurities from the raw synthesis gas to form desulphurised gas and recovering carbon dioxide in substantially pure form; converting at least a portion of the desulphurised synthesis gas to a useful product. Despite having selected a more energy intensive sub-process i.e. physical absorption for removal of acid gas impurities, the overall power requirement of the facility is lower on account of lower steam requirements and thereby leading to a decrease in the carbon intensity score for the facility.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-16 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of:
R.sup.p+.sub.rA.sub.m.sup.+M.sub.xE.sub.yPO.sub.z
where A is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is an organoammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The PST-16 family of molecular sieves are stabilized by combinations of alkali and organoammonium cations, enabling unique metalloalumino(gallo)phosphate compositions and exhibit the CGS topology. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves has catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-16 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of:
R.sup.p+.sub.rA.sub.m.sup.+M.sub.xE.sub.yPO.sub.z
where A is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is an organoammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The PST-16 family of molecular sieves are stabilized by combinations of alkali and organoammonium cations, enabling unique metalloalumino(gallo)phosphate compositions and exhibit the CGS topology. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves has catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

A process for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with low carbon intensity. The jet fuel is produced from the reaction of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water with captured carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to product a stream comprising carbon monoxide. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted to produce n-alkanes. Alkanes are hydroisomerized to produce sustainable aviation fuel with low carbon intensity.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (PDX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

Efficiency of a thermochemical regeneration combustion system is enhanced by incorporation of gaseous products from pyrolysis of fuel such as biomass.

Efficiency of a thermochemical regeneration combustion system is enhanced by incorporation of gaseous products from pyrolysis of fuel such as biomass.