A thermochemical energy conversion unit includes a heat expansion assembly including a reactor configured to receive a biomass and convert the biomass into a burnable gas having undesirable materials therein and a biochar. The heat expansion assembly also includes a heat expansion discharge pipe configured to discharge the burnable gas from the heat expansion assembly. The thermochemical energy conversion unit also includes a gas scrubber assembly operatively connected to the heat expansion assembly and configured to receive the burnable gas therefrom and to remove the undesirable materials from the burnable gas. The gas scrubber assembly includes a scrubber discharge pipe configured to discharge the burnable gas from the gas scrubber assembly. The heat expansion assembly and the gas scrubber assembly are configured to be continuously fluidly connected from the heat expansion discharge pipe to the scrubber discharge pipe for generating a continuous flow of the burnable gas therealong.

A system for torrefaction of waste material comprising biogenic material and plastic material may comprise a material pre-processing system, a heating and compaction unit, a reactor system comprising a reaction portion and an extrusion portion, and a cutting unit adjacent an outlet of the reactor system. A method for operating a system for torrefaction of waste material comprising biogenic and plastic material may comprise processing the waste material to generate waste material having an aspect ratio between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1 and a largest dimension of less than 4 millimeters (mm); compressing and heating the pre-processed waste material in the heating and compaction unit; heating the compacted waste material in the reactor system to a temperature of 280° C.-500° C.; extruding material from the reactor system; and cutting the extruded material into pellets.

The present invention concerns a process for the treatment of a feed comprising biomass, said process comprising at least the following steps: a) a step for drying said feed at a temperature in the range 20° C. to 180° C. for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes, b) a step for torrefaction of the dried feed obtained from step a) in order to produce at least one solid torrefied biomass effluent, and c) a step for co-grinding the solid torrefied biomass effluent obtained from step b) in the presence of a second biomass feed in order to obtain a powder.

A method and apparatus for production of cellulose based fuel pellets from wood logs includes steps of comminuting the wood logs to particulate wood material. The particulate material heat treated in a reactor and the pressure is reduced in a manner causing defibration of the particulate material. The material is pelletized using the softened lignin at least partially as a binder for the pellets. The comminution of the wood logs is effected as a single-step operation in which the wood logs are charged to a comminution station where at least one rotating drum provided with cutting teeth is arranged in a manner to fully comminute the wood logs. The particulate material may be fractioned and a selected size fraction used for the further treatment.

A method and apparatus for production of cellulose based fuel pellets from wood logs includes steps of comminuting the wood logs to particulate wood material. The particulate material heat treated in a reactor and the pressure is reduced in a manner causing defibration of the particulate material. The material is pelletized using the softened lignin at least partially as a binder for the pellets. The comminution of the wood logs is effected as a single-step operation in which the wood logs are charged to a comminution station where at least one rotating drum provided with cutting teeth is arranged in a manner to fully comminute the wood logs. The particulate material may be fractioned and a selected size fraction used for the further treatment.

A mixture for a natural fuel package is provided, having essentially a mass of combustible wood particles and particles of organs of a plant in the Cinnamomum genus as constituents which are bonded by compression, whereby upon ignition the said particles undergo decomposition to liberate the moisture, releasing an aromatic cinnamon fragrance and flavor which can be inhaled by persons present at the time of burning and tasted or consumed through the food cooked on such fuel resulting in medicinal and therapeutic effects.

The invention is directed to a configuration comprising of more than one torrefaction batch reactors. A torrefaction batch reactor of the configuration comprises of a closed housing (2) having a gas inlet (4), a gas outlet (5) and a gas permeable biomass holding structure (6) positioned within the housing (2) defining a biomass holding space (7). The gas inlet (4) and the gas outlet (5) of the torrefaction batch reactor are alternatively fluidly connected to the following gas loops, (i) an air drying gas loop (20), (ii) a torrefaction gas loop (25), and (iii) a cooling gas loop (26). One or more batch reactors of the configuration are fluidly connected to the air drying gas loop (20) and one or more other batch reactors are fluidly connected to the torrefaction gas loop (25).

The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel from agricultural waste such as grass, rice husk, yam, straw, corn cob or any combination thereof, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy and a pre-treatment process for pre-treating one or more sources of biomass for use in the production of a solid biomass fuel.

A method to create a natural charcoal briquette is described herein. A wood material is collected and impurities are removed from the wood material. The wood material is dried at a temperature in a range of approximately 150° C. to approximately 200° C. to reach a moisture level in a range of approximately 3.7% to approximately 5.0%. The dried wood material is compressed in a shaped mold at approximately 300° C. and under 40 tons of pressure to form a charcoal briquette. The charcoal briquette is carbonized at a temperature in a range of approximately 700° C. to approximately 800° C. in a range of approximately 14 days to approximately 17 days. The charcoal briquette is then cooled for approximately 2 days prior to use or packaging.

A method for producing a biofuel by continuous or discontinuous steam cracking of lignocellulosic biomass includes: —recording a digital model of the optimal steam cracking parameters as a function of the nature and the content of the contaminants; —introducing a biomass containing at least part of the contaminated biomass into the steam cracking reactor; —measuring at least once during the treatment the nature and content of the contaminants; and —controlling the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters as a function of the nature and the content of the measured contaminants and of the digital model.