A method for using a nanocomposite of tin cobalt oxide nanocubes and graphene oxide to photo-catalytically degrade a portion of an organic contaminant in a solution. The nanocubes have an average side length in a range of 400 nm-1.5 m and a carbon to tin molar ratio in a range of 10:1-25:1. The nanocomposite may also be used for enhancing the efficiency of a liquid fuel.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.

A multifunctional comprehensive mineral supplement including molecular clusters, wherein at least a portion of the molecular clusters each has a metal core and one or more ligands attached to the metal core, wherein at least a portion of the metal core and/or one or more ligands is provided by or derived from a mineral component.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.

A combustible gas from carbon black production is utilized in a gas engine by adding an oxygen-containing gas to the combustible gas, passing said mixed gas over a selective catalyst, which is active for oxidizing H.sub.2S to SO.sub.2 but substantially inactive for oxidation of CO, H.sub.2 and other hydrocarbons with less than 4 C-atoms, passing the converted gas through an SO.sub.2 removal step, and passing the cleaned gas to a gas engine or to an energy recovery boiler. This way, the tail gas from carbon black production, which is normally combusted in a CO boiler or incinerated, can be utilized to good effect.

The production carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources and the use thereof in gasification processes for hazardous emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur are significantly minimized and enhanced reaction rates are described. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources, including the steps consisting of: (i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture; (ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture; (iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and (iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm.

The present disclosure recognizes a correlation between zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of a catalyst composition and its catalytic activity. Particularly, the disclosure provides catalyst articles for diesel NO.sub.x abatement, including a substrate and a washcoat layer containing metal-promoted molecular sieves, wherein the zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of the catalyst article is about 100 m.sup.2/g or greater, the volumetric surface area is about 900 m.sup.2/in.sup.3 or greater, and/or the total zeolitic surface area (tZSA) is about 1200 m.sup.2 or greater. The disclosure further relates to methods for evaluating ZSA, volumetric ZSA, and tZSA, e.g., including the steps of coating a catalyst composition comprising metal-promoted molecular sieves onto a substrate; calcining and aging the catalyst composition; determining the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) thereof; and correlating the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) with catalyst composition NO.sub.x abatement activity to determine whether the catalyst composition is suitable for an intended use.

A fuel refinery system comprising a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the fuel from the fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst.

Provided is an additive composition and method for preventing fouling, slagging and corrosion of biomass multi fuel fired or dedicated boilers using alumina, and more particularly, to an additive composition capable of effectively preventing from fouling, slagging and corrosion of the inner wall of a biomass boiler and optimizing the thermal efficiency of power generation facilities by increasing the melting temperature of an inorganic material contained in the biomass fuel using alumina, and the additive composition may include 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) in respective of 100 parts by weight of fuels fed into biomass multi fuel fired or dedicated boilers.

The present invention discloses a process for the dissociation of natural gas hydrates comprises injecting additives or hydrate dissociation promoters into the system at the hydrate dissociation temperatures ranging from 283-293 K in conjunction with or without first depressurizing the system to pressures (50%-75%) below the hydrate equilibrium pressure and such leading to the recovery of methane or natural gases.