The present disclosure relates to a mixture that includes a first portion that includes at least one of a paraffin and/or a naphthene having between 5 carbons and 13 carbons, inclusively, at a first concentration between about 75 wt % and about 99 wt %, and a second portion that includes hydrocarbons having greater than 13 carbons at a second concentration of less than 0.05 wt %.

The present invention discloses a process for the dissociation of natural gas hydrates comprises injecting additives or hydrate dissociation promoters into the system at the hydrate dissociation temperatures ranging from 283-293 K in conjunction with or without first depressurizing the system to pressures (50%-75%) below the hydrate equilibrium pressure and such leading to the recovery of methane or natural gases.

A method of enhancing fuel combustion using a specific catalyst composition with a preselected type of fuel. Upon blending the catalyst with the fuel a mixture is formed where a hydrocarbon structure of the fuel is relaxed by opening up and spreading/spacing out to allow more available oxygen to reach and react with the fuel on a molecular level. The relaxing of the hydrocarbon structure, upon combustion, reduces harmful emissions, burns fuel more efficiently, improves horsepower and torque performance, and improves fuel economy.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.

The production carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources and the use thereof in gasification processes for hazardous emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur are significantly minimized and enhanced reaction rates are described. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources, including the steps consisting of: (i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture; (ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture; (iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and (iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.

This invention is an improvement to refinery Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) additives. The improved is obtained through the adjustment of the particle size distributions of the additives. Narrowing the range of particle size distributions for the additives results in improved performance in a wide range of additive compounds. In addition it allows for removal of the additives when combined with cracking catalysts.

Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with reducing agents, such as borohydride and salts thereof, alone or together with at least one co-solvent results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans, thiophenes, and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

This invention generally refers to a new generation of fuel additives which can provide catalytic action to improve the combustion process of fossil fuels and to a catalyst among others containing an iron compound combined with an over-based magnesium compound with molecular size particles inside the combustion chamber. Such fuel additive catalysts are particularly useful for fuel oil combustion, natural gas combustion, stationary gas turbines, natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines and all stationary dual-fuel engines.

A fuel refinery system comprising a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the fuel from the fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst.