Provided is a composition comprising at least one polymer, the repeat unit of which comprises at least one amide functional group, at least one polyetheramine with a weight-average molecular weight (M.sub.W) of greater than 100 g.mol.sup.1 and exhibiting at least two secondary and/or tertiary amine functional groups, and optionally, but preferably, at least one organic solvent. Also provided is method of using of the composition for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation of gas hydrates, in particular in a process for extracting oil and/or gas and/or condensates, and also to the process for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation and/or the agglomeration of gas hydrates, employing a composition as defined above.

The present invention relates to a method for producing agglomerates from a feedstock comprising at least one biomass stream, the method comprising the steps of: combining the feedstock with one or more binding reagents; and introducing the feedstock into an agglomeration apparatus in the presence of a polymerisation activator to produce the agglomerates.

The present application relates to compositions comprising at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer, a graft copolymer comprising a copolymer based on ethylene as graft base and one or more polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer(s) grafted thereon, and at least one non-grafted ethylene-based copolymer, as well as to the use of such compositions to improve the performance, especially the cold flow properties and injector nozzle coking tendency of middle distillates, especially diesel fuels, biodiesel and blends thereof.

The application relates to a Ramjet solid fuel having an ignition temperature of less than 400 C., the fuel comprising a bis-(ethylene oxy) methane polysulfide polymer (BMPP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), the copolymer having a BMPP/HTPB weight ratio of from 1/3 to 3/1; and the fuel comprising at least 85 weight % copolymer. The BMPP comprises from 5 to 8 weight percent mercaptan. Furthermore, the BMPP is selected from
HS(RSS).sub.aCH.sub.2CH((SSR).sub.cCSH)CH.sub.2(SSR).sub.bSHa) where R(CH.sub.2).sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 and a+b+c<7; and
H(SC.sub.2H.sub.4OCH.sub.2OC.sub.2H4S).sub.nH where n=7.b)

Ethylene-C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha olefin copolymers, dispersants and lubricating oils/fuel compositions incorporating dispersants, and related methods are generally described herein. The copolymer may comprise ethylene-derived units and C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units. The C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may have a carbon number from three to ten. For example, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may be propylene-derived units.

The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy. More specifically, the present invention relates to the production of biofuel from biomass including, for example, polymeric materials.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Disclosed are cloud point depressants and methods of making and using them. The disclosed cloud point depressants comprise copolymers of an unsaturated anhydride polymerized with alkyl -olefins and then contacted with a phenyl alkyl alcohol or alkyl phenol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol and primary or secondary fatty amine to provide a cloud depressant reaction product. When the disclosed reaction products are added to middle distillate fuels or blends of middle distillate fuels with biodiesel, the cloud point depressants inhibit the precipitation of waxes and/or biowaxes in the fuels and the fuels exhibit reduced precipitation, gelling, and/or crystallization when subjected to low or cold temperatures.

Provided herein are various gas-filled particles having a stimuli-responsive shell encapsulating the gas. The stimuli-responsive shell comprises one or more release triggers. Compositions for medical or non-medical applications, methods of use and treatment, and methods of preparation are also described.