Kerosene boiling range or jet fuel boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content. The resulting kerosene boiling range fractions can have an unexpected combination of a high naphthenes to aromatics weight ratio, a low but substantial aromatics content, and a low sulfur content. Such fractions can potentially be used as fuel after a reduced or minimized amount of additional refinery processing. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of refinery processing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.

Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content. The resulting naphtha boiling range fractions can have a high naphthenes to aromatics weight ratio, a low but substantial content of aromatics, and a low sulfur content. In some aspects, the fractions can be used as fuels and/or fuel blending products after fractionation with minimal further refinery processing. In other aspects, the amount of additional refinery processing, such as hydrotreatment, catalytic reforming and/or isomerization, can be reduced or minimized. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of hydroprocessing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.

An aviation biofuel component including 90.0 vol % or more of isoparaffins of C10 to C12 and 30.0 vol % or more of isoparaffins which are at least C10 or C12.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

A power generation system comprises a fuel gas supply device 13 for controlling methane concentration or carbon dioxide concentration in a mixed gas MG containing methane and carbon dioxide within a setting range for the concentration in the fuel gas of a gas engine 11, and for supplying the mixed gas MG to the gas engine 11 as the fuel gas, and a gas concentration sensor 14 for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration or the methane concentration of the mixed gas MG. The fuel gas supply device 13 comprises a carbon dioxide removal device 16 for removing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas MG, and an operating condition control device 17 for controlling an operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of a carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide removal device 16, and the operating condition control device 17 controls the operating condition of the carbon dioxide removal device 16 based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor 14, thereby controlling the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas.

The formation in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel of ice particles having a weight average particle size greater than 1 μm when said liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cooled to temperatures in the range of from 0 to −50° C. can be reduced or eliminated by use of at least one surfactant that is capable of dispersing water in said liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a stable clear water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the droplet size of the dispersed water phase is no greater than 0.25 μm.

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An aviation gasoline fuel blend includes an unleaded aviation gasoline base fuel, with an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Aromatic amines, such as m-toluidine, may also be added to increase MON. Base fuels may be a high quality aviation alkylate, or may be a commercial iso-octane, or a mixture of high quality aviation alkylate enhanced by iso-octane, or by commercial iso-octane mixtures, and may include iso-pentane or butane or both iso-pentane and butane in sufficient quantity to provide appropriate vapor pressure for the final fuel blend.

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.

The invention relates to jet fuel compositions, in particular jet fuel compositions having improved cold properties, and more particularly improved freezing point with respect to theoretical linear behavior, which are mixtures of jet fuel from petroleum origin and renewable component. To this effect, a jet fuel composition comprising a petroleum derived jet fuel component and a renewable component consisting of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids is proposed, wherein the jet fuel composition contains 1 to 50 vol % of the renewable component and has a freezing point of −40° C. or below, preferably of −47° C. and below, and the petroleum derived jet fuel component has a content of C9-C12 normal paraffins from 17 wt % to 30 wt %.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.