The present invention concerns an improved process for the wet torrefaction (Torwash) of biomass, wherein the liquid phase comprises vinasse which is typically considered a waste stream. The process according the invention comprises: (a) heating a mixture comprising biomass and vinasse at a temperature in the range of 100-400° C., to obtain torrefied biomass and a liquor; and (b) washing the torrefied biomass with water, to obtain a washed material and an effluent. The inventors found that by applying a washing step after the wet torrefaction, the results are equally good as when fresh water would be used in combination with a conventional pre-washing step.

A zero emission liquefied fuel having a composition including a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion is one of a fossil sourced Natural Gas, wherein the fossil sourced Natural Gas is one of (a) a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or (b) a Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) sourced from fossil decomposition and the second portion is a Renewable Natural Gas (RNG). The Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) can be sourced from any renewable source, but is preferably sourced from dairy. The fuel composition can be formulated having a carbon intensity equal to zero.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare elemental sulphur by (i) contacting an aqueous solution comprising bisulphide with oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria under anaerobic conditions wherein elemental sulphur is produced and a reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria is obtained and (ii) wherein the reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria are oxidised by transfer of electrons to an anode of an electrochemical cell to obtain the oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria.

Processes, systems, and associated control methodologies are disclosed that control the flow of biogas during the biogas cleanup process to create a more consistent flow of biogas through the digester, while also optimizing the output and efficiency of the overall renewable natural gas facility. In representative embodiments, a biogas buffer storage system may be used during the cleanup process to control the pressure and flow rate of biogas. The biogas buffer storage system may monitor and control the biogas flow rate to either bring down or increase the digester pressure, thereby maintaining a normalized biogas flow rate.

Various illustrative embodiments of a system and process for recovering high-quality biomethane and carbon dioxide product streams from biogas sources and utilizing or sequestering the product streams are provided. The system and process synergistically yield a biomethane product which meets gas pipeline quality specifications and a carbon dioxide product of a quality and form that allows for its transport and sequestration or utilization and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system and process result in improved access to gas pipelines for products, an improvement in the carbon intensity rating of the methane fuel, and improvements in generation of credits related to reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.

A facility and method for membrane permeation treatment of a feed gas flow containing at least methane and carbon dioxide that includes a compressor, a pressure measurement device, at least one valve, and first, second, third, and fourth membrane separation units for separation of CO.sub.2 from CH.sub.4 to permeates enriched in CO.sub.2 and retentates enriched in CH.sub.4, respectively. A temperature of the first retentate is adjusted at an inlet of the second membrane separation unit with at least one heat exchanger as a function of the measured CH.sub.4 concentration in such a way so as to reduce the determined difference.

A process for extraction of crude oil from distillers dried grain solubles and/or distillers dried grains using a solvent extraction process and producing corn distillers meal that may be used as an animal feed supplement is disclosed. The corn distillers meal may be used as a crude protein supplement for use in a livestock feed diet, poultry feed diet, aquatic feed diet or the like. The solvent extracted crude oil may be suitable for other processes, including oleochemical processing for personal care and home care products, biodiesel production, and/or renewable diesel production from hydro-treating the extracted oil to make green diesel fuel.

A process and apparatus for removing hydrogen sulphide from a gas is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas comprising hydrogen sulphide; supplying oxygen for the process if the gas does not comprise oxygen, or does not comprise sufficient oxygen for converting hydrogen sulphide to elementary sulphur; leading the mixture of gas and, if supplied, oxygen to a tank comprising i) a foam forming liquid, such as a scrubber liquid and ii) a foam layer made from said foam forming liquid on the top of the foam forming liquid where the hydrogen sulphide in the gas is oxidized to elementary sulphur to form a cleaned gas removed from hydrogen sulphide.

A process for producing a fuel from a softwood. A feedstock containing softwood is pretreated, where the pretreating includes heating the feedstock in a pretreatment liquor containing sulfur dioxide and bisulfite salt. The heating is conducted between 110° C. and 160° C. The pretreatment liquor has a sulfur dioxide concentration that is greater than 6.5 wt % on liquor and a pH at 25° C. that is less than 1.3. The cellulose in the pretreated material is hydrolysed to glucose. The glucose may be fermented to a fermentation product such as ethanol.

Various illustrative embodiments of a system and process for recovering high-quality biomethane and carbon dioxide product streams from biogas sources and utilizing or sequestering the product streams are provided. The system and process synergistically yield a biomethane product which meets gas pipeline quality specifications and a carbon dioxide product of a quality and form that allows for its transport and sequestration or utilization and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system and process result in improved access to gas pipelines for products, an improvement in the carbon intensity rating of the methane fuel, and improvements in generation of credits related to reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.