This invention relates to a functional fluid, comprising (A) from 70 to 90, preferably 75-87 wt.-% of alkoxy glycol according to formula (I) CH.sub.3—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.n—H wherein n is a number from 2 to 5, with the proviso that in at least 30 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (I) n is 3, and that 15 to 65 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (I) have n=4 or 5, and (B) less than 1.0 wt.-% of alkoxy glycol according to formula (II) R.sub.1—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.m—H wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl residue, m is a number from 2 to 6, (C) from 8 to 25, preferably 12-23 wt.-% of at least one compound according to formula (III) H—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.k—H wherein k is a number of 2 or higher, with the proviso that in at least 80 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (III) k is 2 or 3, (D) at least one additive, selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, alkalinity agents, aging protection agents, defoamers and lubricants, the lubricants being selected from the group consisting of propylene oxide containing alkylene oxide polymers that are optionally substituted with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group, triglycerides, castor oil, ricinoleic acid, and ethoxylates of castor oil or ricinoleic acid, and mixtures thereof, the fluid comprising at most 3 wt.-% of an ester between boric acid and a glycol or alkylpolyglycol compound.

The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, a mixture of boron-containing and boron-free dispersants, an overbased magnesium-based detergent, an overbased calcium-based detergent, an ashless friction modifier, and, optionally, other performance additives. The instant lubricating compositions may improve one or more of cleanliness, TBN retention, fuel economy and low-speed preignition (“LSPI”).

The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, a mixture of boron-containing and boron-free dispersants, an overbased magnesium-based detergent, an overbased calcium-based detergent, a molybdenum-containing material, and, optionally, other performance additives. The instant lubricating compositions may improve one or more of cleanliness, TBN retention, fuel economy and low-speed preignition (“LSPI”).

The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, a mixture of boron-containing and boron-free dispersants, an overbased magnesium-based detergent, an overbased calcium-based detergent, a molybdenum-containing material, and, optionally, other performance additives. The instant lubricating compositions may improve one or more of cleanliness, TBN retention, fuel economy and low-speed preignition (“LSPI”).

Disclosed is an additive for lubricating oil, which comprises a phosphite ester compound (A) having a specific structure and a phosphite ester compound (B) having a specific structure, wherein a mass ratio of the phosphite ester compound (A) to the phosphite ester compound (B) (phosphite ester compound (A):phosphite ester compound (B)) is 99:1 to 80:20. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an additive for lubricating oil, capable of imparting wear resistance and demulsibility with respect to a base oil for lubricating oil, and to impart durability even in the presence of water.

A composite material comprising a plurality of polymer chains fixed to a base and swelled with a mixture which contains a salt and a hydrogen bond-donating compound and has a melting point maintained at 100° C. or less.

A composite material comprising a plurality of polymer chains fixed to a base and swelled with a mixture which contains a salt and a hydrogen bond-donating compound and has a melting point maintained at 100° C. or less.

A surface protection composition contains (a) a phosphorus compound represented by formula (1), (b-1) a metal-containing compound or (b-2) an amine compound, (c) a (meth)acrylate having a hydrocarbon chain having 4 or more carbon atoms, (d-1) an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator and (d-2) an α-aminoacetophenone photopolymerization initiator. Further, the composition has the compound (d-1) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition, compound (d-2) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition and a total amount of the compound (d-1) and (d-2) is less than 5.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition.

##STR00001##

In the above formula, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

A surface protection composition contains (a) a phosphorus compound represented by formula (1), (b-1) a metal-containing compound or (b-2) an amine compound, (c) a (meth)acrylate having a hydrocarbon chain having 4 or more carbon atoms, (d-1) an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator and (d-2) an α-aminoacetophenone photopolymerization initiator. Further, the composition has the compound (d-1) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition, compound (d-2) in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition and a total amount of the compound (d-1) and (d-2) is less than 5.0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition.

##STR00001##

In the above formula, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

A grease composition is disclosed which is intended primarily for use in constant velocity joints (CV joints), especially ball joints and/or tripod joints, which are used in the driveline of motor vehicles. The grease composition for use in constant velocity joints comprises at least one base oil, at least one thickener, zinc sulfide, at least one copper sulfide and molybdenum disulfide and/or tungsten disulfide. Further, the present disclosure relates to a constant velocity joint comprising such a grease composition.