This invention relates to methods of applying to a substrate a hydrophilic coating that becomes lubricious when activated with water or water vapor, and to substrates having such a hydrophilic coating.

An oleaginous nanoparticle dispersion of nanoparticles having a core of an organic base material immobilized within a surfactant layer, the use thereof as a low ash, or ash-free source of TBN in lubricating oil compositions, and lubricating oil compositions formulated with such oleaginous nanoparticle dispersions.

An oleaginous nanoparticle dispersion of nanoparticles having a core of an organic base material immobilized within a surfactant layer, the use thereof as a low ash, or ash-free source of TBN in lubricating oil compositions, and lubricating oil compositions formulated with such oleaginous nanoparticle dispersions.

The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for compression ignition internal combustion engines, particularly those demonstrating at least one of improved seals performance, reduced deposit formation, and excellent durability. The present invention provides a low dispersant lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) about 0.5 weight percent to 3.0 weight percent of an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol compound, (c) about 0.01 weight percent to 2.6 weight percent of a polyalkenylsuccinimide dispersant, and (d) about 0.05 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent of a polyolefin dispersant viscosity modifier, and wherein the lubricating composition contains zinc in an amount less than about 700 ppm by weight of the composition.

The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for compression ignition internal combustion engines, particularly those demonstrating at least one of improved seals performance, reduced deposit formation, and excellent durability. The present invention provides a low dispersant lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) about 0.5 weight percent to 3.0 weight percent of an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol compound, (c) about 0.01 weight percent to 2.6 weight percent of a polyalkenylsuccinimide dispersant, and (d) about 0.05 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent of a polyolefin dispersant viscosity modifier, and wherein the lubricating composition contains zinc in an amount less than about 700 ppm by weight of the composition.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

The invention provides a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and synergistic mixture of a functionalized ethylene--olefin copolymer, a poly(meth)acrylate block polymer having a substantially oil soluble block and a substantially oil insoluble block. The invention also provides a method of lubricating a mechanical device using such a lubricating composition.

The invention provides a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and synergistic mixture of a functionalized ethylene--olefin copolymer, a poly(meth)acrylate block polymer having a substantially oil soluble block and a substantially oil insoluble block. The invention also provides a method of lubricating a mechanical device using such a lubricating composition.

A method for preventing or reducing engine knock or pre-ignition in a high compression spark ignition engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by introducing to a combustion chamber of the engine from 0.1 to 5% by volume of the gasoline used a lubricating oil as a formulated oil, said formulated oil having a composition comprising (i) a major amount of a lubricating oil base stock comprising at least 80% by weight of one branched ester having at least 15% of the total carbons in the form of methyl groups, and (ii) a minor amount of at least one ashless amine phosphate antiwear additive. Also provided is a lubricating engine oil for high compression spark ignition engines including (i) a major amount of a lubricating oil base stock comprising at least 80% by weight formula I below: ##STR00001##
esterified (per OH basis) with 25 to 100% isobutyric acid and 0 to 75% 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, wherein R is a H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or isobutyl, and (ii) a minor amount of at least one amine phosphate ashless antiwear additive.