Systems and methods are provided for estimating the total base number of used oil in an engine. The systems and methods can involve characterizing the sulfur content and at least one other element content of the oil both before introduction into the engine and after passing through an engine cylinder during combustion. Depending on the aspect, a total base number of the oil prior to use can also be measured, or the total base number before use can be estimated based on the at least one element content.

A process for production of cylinder oil comprises providing used oil, providing fresh cylinder oil, and blending the used oil with the fresh cylinder oil. The used oil has a lower TBN value than the fresh cylinder oil. A process for the operation of an internal combustion engine comprises preparing cylinder oil as described and using the cylinder oil in the internal combustion engine. An apparatus for the preparation of a cylinder oil comprises a blending means for blending used oil and fresh cylinder oil. The blending means is in flow communication with at least one compartment of an internal combustion engine that comprises used oil or at least one storage compartment comprising used oil, at least one storage compartment for fresh cylinder oil, and at least one cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Used oil and fresh cylinder oil are used for the preparation of cylinder oil.

Systems and methods are provided for in-situ determination of engine oil viscosity to allow for selection of an engine map by an engine control module (ECM) to match the detected viscosity. The new engine map selected based on the viscosity can correspond to an engine map based on an engine oil with a different HTHS viscosity than the prior engine map. Instead of requiring a reprogramming of an ECM when the engine oil is changed, an ECM can have access to a plurality of engine maps corresponding to different engine oils at a given HTHS viscosity and/or at different HTHS viscosities. The ability of an ECM to select an engine map corresponding to a different HTHS viscosity based on in-situ viscosity detection can allow the oil in an engine to be changed without requiring access to the ECM for reprogramming.

A processing method includes processing a metal wire rod using an emulsion lubricant that includes an oil and a nonionic surfactant at an oil-to-nonionic surfactant ratio of 1:0.3 to 0.9 (in mass ratio). The method may include purifying the emulsion lubricant after being used for processing the metal wire rod while maintaining the oil-to-nonionic surfactant ratio of 1:0.3 to 0.9 (in mass ratio) and then reusing the purified emulsion lubricant to process the metal wire rod.

Disclosed is a method of treating a used hydrocarbon lubricant of ISO Viscosity Grade 46 or higher comprising oxidation products that adversely affect lubricant performance. The hydrocarbon lubricant has a Group II hydrocarbon oil or Group III hydrocarbon oil, optionally one or more lubricant additives, and an amount of varnish. The hydrocarbon lubricant is free of zinc-containing additives. The method comprises adding to the used hydrocarbon lubricant from about 2 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight of a polyhydroxy polypropylene oxide homopolymer that has a hydroxyl number of from about 12 mg KOH/g to about 58 mg KOH/g as measured according to ASTM D4274.

A process for production of cylinder oil comprises providing used oil, providing fresh cylinder oil, and blending the used oil with the fresh cylinder oil. The used oil has a lower TBN value than the fresh cylinder oil. A process for the operation of an internal combustion engine comprises preparing cylinder oil as described and using the cylinder oil in the internal combustion engine. An apparatus for the preparation of a cylinder oil comprises a blending means for blending used oil and fresh cylinder oil. The blending means is in flow communication with at least one compartment of an internal combustion engine that comprises used oil or at least one storage compartment comprising used oil, at least one storage compartment for fresh cylinder oil, and at least one cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Used oil and fresh cylinder oil are used for the preparation of cylinder oil.

Disclosed are solvency enhancer compositions, for example, as additives to lubricating oils and as formulated in lubricating oil compositions and associated methods of preparation and use thereof. The compositions and methods can dissolve at least one of oxidation products and other organic polar compounds, due to lubricant degradation, formed and suspended in oil compositions including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Further described are methods for dissolving organic deposits in an oil system including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oil system, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Also provided are methods for preventing sludge and varnish formation in in-service oils including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols.

Disclosed is a method of treating a used hydrocarbon lubricant of ISO Viscosity Grade 46 or higher comprising oxidation products that adversely affect lubricant performance. The hydrocarbon lubricant has a Group II hydrocarbon oil or Group III hydrocarbon oil, optionally one or more lubricant additives, and an amount of varnish. The hydrocarbon lubricant is free of zinc-containing additives. The method comprises adding to the used hydrocarbon lubricant from about 2 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight of a polyhydroxy polypropylene oxide homopolymer that has a hydroxyl number of from about 12 mg KOH/g to about 58 mg KOH/g as measured according to ASTM D4274.

A device removes moisture from a hydraulic medium (2) with at least one gaseous drying medium (3). The drying medium (3) is air and/or some other working gas with a moisture absorption capability. The drying medium is conducted by a delivery device (4) from an area surrounding the hydraulic medium (2) to the hydraulic medium (2) when the moisture content of the gaseous drying medium (3) is lower than the degree of water saturation of the hydraulic medium (2).

In a method for reconditioning an industrial oil and in an oil recovery system therefor, a used industrial oil is reconditioned by adding a liquid separation booster to the used industrial oil, and then the separation booster with attracted impurities is separated from the used industrial oil while leaving at least one specific additive in the oil. The separation booster is designed to attract impurities in the used oil while not attracting at least one specific additive in the oil.