A composition comprising an orthoester and an organosilane, and in some embodiments, a metal deactivator, antioxidant, lubricant and/or corrosion inhibitor. Also, disclosed is use of the composition for use in increasing thermal conductivity of internal fluids in air conditioning and refrigerant systems.

The present invention provides a hydraulic fluid comprising: (a) 40 to 150 ppm by weight in terms of nitrogen content of a corrosion inhibiting agent which is one or more compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001## and/or tribologically acceptable salts thereof, wherein in formula (I): each R.sup.1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, x is 0 to 4, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (b) 1500 to 4000 ppm by weight of an ashless nitrogen-containing dispersant; and (c) a major amount of a base oil.

A compound having formula (Ph.sub.3C).sub.mAr(OR).sub.n, wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, R is C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aralkyl, m is one or two, and n is an integer from one to four.

A water-soluble quenching fluid composition prepared by blending: water, at least one kind selected from a polyoxyalkylene glycol and a derivative thereof (A), and at least one kind selected from an alkylene glycol ether (B) and a monocarboxylic acid (C), the polyoxyalkylene glycol or a derivative thereof (A) having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less, the alkylene glycol ether (B) having a boiling point of 200 C. or more and a molecular weight per 1 mol of 1,000 g/mol or less.

The present invention relates to a method of marking a petroleum hydrocarbon by adding to and uniformly mixing with said petroleum hydrocarbon a chemical marker of general formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein two of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy, and eight of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, as well as to a composition of a petroleum hydrocarbon comprising a petroleum hydrocarbon and at least one chemical marker of general formula (I). The presence and concentration of the chemical marker of general formula (I) in the composition of the petroleum hydrocarbon can be advantageously determined by laser ionization coupled with mass spectrometry or by laser ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry.

A composition for neutralizing or removing an acid in a refrigeration or air-conditioning system, the composition comprising a) an acid neutralizer or scavenger such as a metal alkoxide, carbodiimide, glycidyl ether, epoxide, alkanolamine, arylamine, overbased metal sulphonates, or an inorganic base (e.g. KOH); and b) a hydrolytic drying agent such as an orthoester (e.g. triethylorthoformate), acetal, epoxide, or a carbodiimide, whereby the water formed by neutralization is removed from the system. Also disclosed is the use of the composition for neutralizing or removing an acid from a refrigeration or air-conditioning system; and a method for neutralizing or removing an acid from the refrigeration or air-conditioning system.

A refrigerator oil according to one embodiment of the present invention contains: a base oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound; a polyphosphate ester compound; and a metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

The present invention concerns a coolant, present as an emulsion in the form of a concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics and material combinations containing fiber-reinforced plastics and metals; furthermore, the present invention also concerns a coolant, present as a solution in the form of concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics.

The invention relates to polyurea lubricating grease compositions containing polyurea thickeners and at least one organic carbonate, to lubrication points or components containing the polyurea lubricating grease composition, to a seal comprising sealing material from fluorinated elastomers and to the use of the lubricating greases.

There are provided a composition for a heat cycle system containing a working medium for heat cycle that has a low global warming potential and high stability, which can be used as a substitute for HFC-134a and HFC-245fa, and a heat cycle system using this composition. The composition for a heat cycle system contains: a working medium for heat cycle containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; and a stabilizer suppressing deterioration of the working medium for heat cycle such as an oxidation resistance improver, a heat resistance improver, or a metal deactivator, and the heat cycle system uses this composition for a heat cycle system.