A lubricating composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity and one or more lubricant additives, wherein the base oil comprises or consists of a base stock which comprises or consists of at least one isoprenoid compound comprising: (i) one or two oxygen-containing moieties independently selected from ether and ester moieties; (ii) a first acyclic isoprenoid moiety containing 1 to 5 isoprenyl units; and (iii) optionally, a second acyclic isoprenoid moiety containing 1 to 5 isoprenyl units with the proviso that at least one isoprenoid moiety contains 3 to 5 isoprenyl units where the isoprenoid compound contains a single ether moiety.

Disclosed herein are biodegradable coating and paint compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Provided is a grease composition containing a base oil, a thickener, and an additive. The base oil contains a poly--olefin and has a kinematic viscosity of 20-60 mm.sup.2/s at 40 C. The thickener contains a urea compound produced by reacting a diisocyanate compound with a mixed amine containing an alicyclic amine and an aromatic amine. The additive contains a phosphorous acid ester, an ether compound, and an oxidized paraffin.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

The present invention relates to a method of marking a petroleum hydrocarbon by adding to and uniformly mixing with said petroleum hydrocarbon a chemical marker of general formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein two of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy, and eight of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, as well as to a composition of a petroleum hydrocarbon comprising a petroleum hydrocarbon and at least one chemical marker of general formula (I). The presence and concentration of the chemical marker of general formula (I) in the composition of the petroleum hydrocarbon can be advantageously determined by laser ionization coupled with mass spectrometry or by laser ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry.

The present invention provides a low-friction sliding mechanism comprising a lubricant composition on a sliding plane between a DLC-coated sliding member (A) and a sliding member (B), wherein the DLC-coated sliding member (A) is formed by coating a base material with diamond-like-carbon containing 10 atom % or less of hydrogen, the sliding member (B) includes at least one kind of material selected from the group consisting of a metal material, a non-metal material, and a metal or non-metal coated material having a surface coated with a thin film, and the lubricant composition contains a basic oil (C), PAG (D), and an acid oxygen-containing organic compound (E) with an acid number of more than 1 mgKOH/g.

The invention relates to a lubricant composition and to the use of same for minimum quantity lubrication in the field of metalworking. The composition comprises 0.05 to 5 wt.% of emulsifier in relation to the total weight of the composition, and an amount of an aliphatic C.sub.16-24 alcohol that makes the composition up to 100%. The emulsifier is selected from fatty alcohol polyalkylene glycol ethers or glycolic acid alkoxylate alkyl ethers or mixtures thereof.

The instant disclosure relates to lubricating compositions having improved frictional properties. The lubricating compositions include an oil of lubricating viscosity and a friction modifier that is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 alkenyl carboxylic acid ester of an aliphatic diol or polyol, where the double bond of the alkenyl group is within or directly attached to the longest continuous chain of the alkenyl group.

Compounds having the formula (F-I) below are provided herein:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 at each occurrence are independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5000 alkyl group; R.sup.3 at each occurrence is independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5000 alkyl group; R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.50 alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; R.sup.5 at each occurrence is independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group; n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m+n is 5. Processes for preparing compounds of formula (F-I) as well as base stock and lubricant compositions containing compounds of formula (F-I) are also provided.

A liquid composition which has an excellent coating property at room temperature and is retained on a surface to be coated after application on the surface, and a terminal-fitted electric wire having an increased corrosion resistance using the same. The liquid composition contains a high-consistency material, a low-viscosity liquid having a kinetic viscosity of 100 mm.sup.2/s or lower measured at 40 C. in accordance with JIS K2283, and an adduct containing an acidic phosphate ester containing one or more kinds of compounds represented by General Formulae (1) and (2), and a metal,

P(O)(OR.sub.1)(OH).sub.2(1),

P(O)(OR.sub.1).sub.2(OH)(2),

where R.sub.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.