A method of making a coating solution includes the steps of polymerising an initial monomer feed comprising an N-vinyl pyrrolidone and an acrylate, preferably methacrylate, salt in water to synthesise a copolymer thereof, acidifying the resulting copolymer-water mixture to give free carboxylic acid groups along the copolymer backbone, diluting the aqueous solution down with alcohol, and adding a cross-linking agent which is capable of reacting with the carboxylic acid groups and curing the copolymer at a later stage after the coating solution has been applied to a substrate and the copolymer coated thereon. Also disclosed are a coating solution in storage, a method of coating a substrate which is on, or is part of, a medical device or other article, a substrate, article or medical device having a coating so applied, and a coated medical device packaged in a hydration solution. The aqueous-alcoholic coating solution may be stored for an extended period, suitably for at least one month and desirably for substantially longer, without deteriorating.

Provided is an internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition which comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; one or more oil soluble or oil dispersible organic acid anhydrides, said anhydride comprising at least one hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene moiety having from about 10 to about 400 carbon atoms; and an oil soluble or oil dispersible secondary hydrocarbylamine compound, a tertiary hydrocarbylamine compound, or combinations thereof. Also provided is a method for maintaining and/or increasing fresh oil TBN of a lubricating oil composition while at the same time improving seal performance in an internal combustion engine.

An antioxidant composition which comprises: (a) methylenebis(di-n-butyldithiocarbamate); and (b) an alkylated diphenylamine derivative of triazole wherein the alkyl group on at least one of the phenyl groups is C.sub.8 or higher. Lubricating compositions containing the antioxidant composition are also contemplated.

A lubricating composition including an oil of lubricating viscosity and a benzazepine compound. Methods of using such lubricating compositions are also disclosed.

A low-phosphorus lubricating composition having less than 600 ppm phosphorus, comprising at least 85 weight % of a lubricating base blend, and an additive comprising the following, as weight % of the total composition: (1) an organomolybdenum component comprising: (a) an organomolybdenum complex, and (b) a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, the organomolybdenum component being present at an amount which provides about 400-800 ppm Mo; (2) (iso-octyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate), at about 0.25-1.5%; (3) a dithiocarbamate component comprising (a) methylene-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamate and (b) said molybdenum dithiocarbamate, at a total dithiocarbamate component of about 0.6-1.2%; and (4) an alkylated diphenyl amine, at about 0.5-1.5%.

A low-phosphorus lubricating composition having less than 600 ppm phosphorus, comprising at least 85 weight % of a lubricating base blend, and an additive comprising the following, as weight % of the total composition: (1) an organomolybdenum component comprising: (a) an organomolybdenum complex, and (b) a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, the organomolybdenum component being present at an amount which provides about 400-800 ppm Mo; (2) (iso-octyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate), at about 0.25-1.5%; (3) a dithiocarbamate component comprising (a) methylene-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamate and (b) said molybdenum dithiocarbamate, at a total dithiocarbamate component of about 0.6-1.2%; and (4) an alkylated diphenyl amine, at about 0.5-1.5%.

A carbon dioxide/co-fluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the co-fluid. Suitable co-fluids are selected from the class of alkoxylated carboxylic amides, wherein the amides are cyclic or non-cyclic. It has been discovered that N-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone and its homologs exhibit an advantageous property of a high rate of desorption at lower temperatures.

A lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines contains a base oil and an additive in a form of a naphthalimide compound. A refrigerant used in a refrigerating machine in which the composition is used is unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (unsaturated HFC) having a GWP of 1000 or less. When the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is used in refrigerating equipment such as an open-type automobile air-conditioner, an electric automobile air-conditioner, a gas heat pump, other air-conditioning equipment, a refrigerating machine, a vending machine, a showcase, a water-heating system and a refrigerating/heating system, it is possible to detect the leakage of a refrigerant with a long-lasting stability. Therefore, when an unsaturated fron refrigerant with a poor stability is used in the above-listed equipment, the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is significantly advantageous.

A carbon dioxide/co-fluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the co-fluid. Suitable co-fluids are selected from the class of alkoxylated carboxylic amides, wherein the amides are cyclic or non-cyclic. It has been discovered that N-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone and its homologs exhibit an advantageous property of a high rate of desorption at lower temperatures.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of a lubricating oil, (a) a diarylamine antioxidant, and (b) an amidine compound of Formula (I), ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or an aromatic group containing 1-30 carbon atoms; x is from 1 to 5; Y is an optional linking alkyl group; Z is carbon or nitrogen; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl groups containing 1-30 carbon atoms. Also provided is a method for lubricating an engine comprising lubricating the engine with said lubricating oil composition.