Use of a liquid fuel composition in an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine containing a lubricating composition for lubricating said internal combustion engine, wherein the liquid fuel composition comprises at least one nitrogen-containing detergent additive, for the purpose of reducing engine wear caused by the presence of soot in the lubricating composition.

A lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the composition has: a sulphated ash content (according to ASTM D 874) of at least 0.4 wt % and at most 1.0 wt. %, by weight of the lubricating composition; a total base number (TBN) value (according to ASTM D 2896) of at least 4.0 mg KOH/g and at most 12 mg KOH/g; a total aromatics content contributed by the base oil in the range from 1 wt % to 30 wt %, by weight of the lubricating composition; and a sulphur content contributed by the base oil of 0.4 wt % or less, by weight of the lubricating composition; and wherein the base oil comprises a blend of (i) a first base oil which is a mineral base oil selected from an API Group I mineral base oil and an API Group II mineral base oil, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) a second base oil selected from an API Group II base oil and an API Group III base oil, preferably wherein the first base oil belongs to a different API group to that of the second base oil.

Use of a gasoline fuel composition for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, wherein the gasoline fuel composition comprises a gasoline base fuel and has a PM Index of 1.4 or less.

Disclosed is a composition of a lubricant for cold pilgering of zirconium alloy tubes. More particularly, disclosed is a composition of an external lubricant for cold pilgering of a zirconium alloy cladding tube, the composition exhibiting excellent lubricity and decomposition against microbes.

Disclosed is a composition of a lubricant for cold pilgering of zirconium alloy tubes. More particularly, disclosed is a composition of an external lubricant for cold pilgering of a zirconium alloy cladding tube, the composition exhibiting excellent lubricity and decomposition against microbes.

Provided is a grease composition which contains (A) a mixed base oil containing (A1) a low-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 to 50 mm.sup.2/s and (A2) a high-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 200 to 700 mm.sup.2/s, (B) a lithium-based thickener and (C) a polymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1,000 to 100,000 mm.sup.2/s, and has an apparent viscosity at −10° C., as measured according to JIS K2220:2013 and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.−1, of 50 to 250 mPa.Math.s. The grease composition is excellent in pumpability and is also excellent in wear resistance under poor lubrication conditions.

Provided is a grease composition which contains (A) a mixed base oil containing (A1) a low-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 to 50 mm.sup.2/s and (A2) a high-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 200 to 700 mm.sup.2/s, (B) a lithium-based thickener and (C) a polymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1,000 to 100,000 mm.sup.2/s, and has an apparent viscosity at −10° C., as measured according to JIS K2220:2013 and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.−1, of 50 to 250 mPa.Math.s. The grease composition is excellent in pumpability and is also excellent in wear resistance under poor lubrication conditions.

The present invention relates to a dinuclear molybdenum complex with ligands selected from fatty tertiary amines of formula (I):
R—N[(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.2][(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.3]  (I)
wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl comprising 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20, advantageously 7 to 17 carbon atoms; n, identical or different, represents 2 or 3; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, identical or different, represent an O, OR, NR′.sub.2, COOR′, or COO group, where R′, identical or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkaline or alkaline earth metal, preferably R′ is H, preferably R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, identical or different, represent an OH or NH.sub.2 group.

The present invention relates to a dinuclear molybdenum complex with ligands selected from fatty tertiary amines of formula (I):
R—N[(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.2][(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.3]  (I)
wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl comprising 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20, advantageously 7 to 17 carbon atoms; n, identical or different, represents 2 or 3; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, identical or different, represent an O, OR, NR′.sub.2, COOR′, or COO group, where R′, identical or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkaline or alkaline earth metal, preferably R′ is H, preferably R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, identical or different, represent an OH or NH.sub.2 group.

The present disclosure provides a detergent additives and methods for preparing a sulfurized alkyl phenate product to achieve a high sulfurization ratio and low levels of un-sulfurized alkyl phenols.