Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: ##STR00001##
in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.

The present disclosure provides a lubricating composition that includes at least one lubricating base oil, an effective amount of at least one overbased detergent; and an effective amount of at least one thermally stable zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. The disclosure further provides methods of making and using the same.

Provided are a pressure medium oil, containing a Group-14 element-containing organic compound selected from an organic germanium compound, an organic tin compound, and an organic lead compound, and a method for using a pressure medium oil, which includes applying a pressure to a substance via the pressure medium oil. The pressure medium oil does not solidify even under an ultrahigh pressure of more than 3.7 GPa at room temperature (25 C.) and has a low pour point, and hardly dissolves a conductive paste.

Disclosed are solvency enhancer compositions, for example, as additives to lubricating oils and as formulated in lubricating oil compositions and associated methods of preparation and use thereof. The compositions and methods can dissolve at least one of oxidation products and other organic polar compounds, due to lubricant degradation, formed and suspended in oil compositions including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Further described are methods for dissolving organic deposits in an oil system including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oil system, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Also provided are methods for preventing sludge and varnish formation in in-service oils including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols.

The present invention relates to specific derivatives of dimer fatty acids, compositions comprising them and a method to reduce pour points.

An automation or robotics application to wrap objects that are cuboid-shaped and may have an arbitrary size. The machine includes a first module for advertising, dimensioning, and user interfacing. A second module is provided for wrapping paper handling. A third module provides a platform and object alignment assembly. A fourth module provides a gift wrapping chamber. A fifth module provides a taping and dispensing area. A sixth module provides a waste management area. The wrapping machine is configured to autonomously wrap the object and to deliver the fully wrapped object back to original position of the platform.

The present invention relates to a method of marking a petroleum hydrocarbon by adding to and uniformly mixing with said petroleum hydrocarbon a chemical marker of general formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein two of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy, and eight of the residues R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, as well as to a composition of a petroleum hydrocarbon comprising a petroleum hydrocarbon and at least one chemical marker of general formula (I). The presence and concentration of the chemical marker of general formula (I) in the composition of the petroleum hydrocarbon can be advantageously determined by laser ionization coupled with mass spectrometry or by laser ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry.

Alkylated diaryl amines further substituted by an alkoxy group on one or more aryl carbon atoms exhibit excellent antioxidant activity in lubricant compositions.

The present invention relates to phosphoric ester preparations with reduced hygroscopicity, to use of these as flame retardants and hydraulic fluids, and to polyurethanes which comprise the phosphoric ester preparations of the invention.

Aspects described herein generally relate to methods of making a phosphono paraffin comprising forming a reaction mixture by mixing a haloparaffin, a phosphite, and sodium iodide. Methods comprise heating the reaction mixture to form the phosphono paraffin. Aspects described herein further relate to a phosphono paraffin represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each instance of R.sup.1 is independently H or

##STR00002##

wherein each instance of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently linear or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.1-20 cycloalkyl, or aryl; the number of instances where R.sup.1 is

##STR00003##

of formula (I) is between about 2 and about 8; and n is an integer between 4 and 22.