Provided is an electro-rheological fluid, including: a fluid having an insulating property; and a polyether-based polyurethane particle containing a metal ion, wherein the polyurethane particle contains a chain extender, wherein the metal ion includes at least a Li ion, and wherein a ratio ([Li]/[O]) of a molar concentration ([Li]) of the Li ion to a molar concentration ([O]) of oxygen atoms of ether groups in the polyurethane particles satisfies the following condition: [Ratio of molar concentration ([Li]) of Li ion to molar concentration ([O]) of oxygen of ether groups] [Li]/[O]9.010.sup.5.

Lubricating oil compositions are provided which contain bimodal copolymer compositions, and in particular bimodal ethylene--olefin copolymer compositions. The copolymer compositions comprise first and second ethylene--olefin copolymer components. The bimodal compositions are particularly useful as viscosity or rheology modifiers, e.g., in lubricating oil compositions. Lubricating oil compositions comprising the copolymer compositions advantageously exhibit enhanced shear stability index (SSI) and thickening efficiency (TE) values, while maintaining excellent low-temperature properties such as pour point, mini-rotary viscometer viscosity, and cold crank simulation performance.

Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: ##STR00001##
in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.

This application relates to branched diester compositions that can be used as a base stock for lubricant applications, or as a base stock blend component for use in a finished lubricant or for particular applications, and methods for making the same.

Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:

##STR00001##

in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.

The present invention is directed to compounds comprising the reaction products of a phenolic ester polyol, a boron containing compound, and optionally, an alcohol. Also disclosed are compounds comprising the reaction products of a polyol, a boron containing compound, and a phenolic acid or ester. Lubricating oil compositions and additive concentrates comprising above compounds, and methods for operating an internal combustion engine using said lubricating oil compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of a lubricating oil, (a) a diarylamine antioxidant, and (b) an amidine compound of Formula (I), ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or an aromatic group containing 1-30 carbon atoms; x is from 1 to 5; Y is an optional linking alkyl group; Z is carbon or nitrogen; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl groups containing 1-30 carbon atoms. Also provided is a method for lubricating an engine comprising lubricating the engine with said lubricating oil composition.

Disclosed herein are biodegradable compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

A lubricant composition comprises as a lubricant base, an oil soluble polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an industrial oil, grease or metal working fluid; and an additive comprising (1) alkylated phenyl--naphthylamine; and (2) 2,2,4-trialkyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline.

A morpholine-free water-hydraulic liquid composition includes water, a glycol, a polyglycol such as a polyalkylene glycol, an aliphatic carboxylic acid that contains from six to 14 carbon atoms, and a combination of amines and alkanolamines.