PROBLEM To provide a composition comprising highly enriched PUFA or its alkyl esters while containing fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD at adequately low concentrations and to provide an efficient method for producing the composition. MEANS FOR SOLVING A composition that contains fatty acids or fatty acid alkyl esters as its major component, the composition containing highly unsaturated fatty acid or alkyl ester thereof, wherein the proportion of the highly unsaturated fatty acid in the constituent fatty acids of the composition is 50 area % or more and wherein the concentration of 3-MCPD as found upon analyzing the composition by American Oil Chemists' Society official method Cd 29b-13 assay A is less than 1.80 ppm.

This invention discloses a reaction system for producing fatty-acid alkyl esters using liquid film reactors, with countercurrent flow scheme based on the alcoholysis of fats and oils. Reaction system comprises a descending film reactor using semi-structured packing for generating interfacial area. It is fed through the bottom with oil or fat, and with a mixture containing alcohol, glycerol and catalyst through an intermediate stage. Products are a mixture of fatty-acid alkyl esters, alcohol and catalyst and alcohol, glycerol and catalyst, exit via the top and the bottom of the reactor, respectively. Volumetric packing fraction is between 2% and 50%, reaction temperature from 25 to 180° C., molar ratio alcohol to oil between 3:1 and 10:1, and CH3OH, NaOH, KOH, or their mixtures (0.5% to 3% based on the oil mass flow rate). Conversion and yield in a single reaction step are greater than 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively.

Use of a compound having the formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) or formula (4), or combinations thereof, for promoting and/or accelerating myelination, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently a long chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons.

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This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.

A process of generating an alkyl ester of a fatty acid (e.g., a biodiesel) from a free fatty acid-containing substance (e.g., a feedstock), is provided. The process is effected by contacting a mixture of the free fatty acid-containing substance and a respective alcohol with Lewis Acid; and, while contacting, exposing the mixture and the Lewis acid to ultrasound energy. An alkyl ester of a fatty acid, or a mixture of two or more alkyl esters of fatty acids, (e.g., a biodiesel), obtainable by the process, are also provided.

The present invention relates to a method of producing fatty acid alkyl ester from an organic oil source containing at least one free fatty acid, wherein the oil source has an acid number of at least 30 mg KOH/g oil source and wherein the method comprises the steps of a) reacting the oil source with glycerol at a temperature, which does not exceed 180° C. during the reaction, in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one alkyl or aryl sulfonic acid or an homoanhydride thereof; and b) transesterification of the reaction product from step a) with an alkanol; and c) isolating the fatty acid alkyl ester from the reaction product of step b).

Provided is a free-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing composition that has a total metal content of 0.1 ppm or less and that comprises at least one free polyunsaturated fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms, in an amount that is at least 80.0% of the amount of fatty acids in the composition; and a method for manufacturing a free-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing composition, comprising: providing a raw material composition containing at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms; performing a hydrolysis treatment on a reaction solution prepared by combining the provided raw material composition, a lower alcohol, water having a total metal content of 0.01 ppm or less, and an alkali catalyst; and limiting the contact between the reaction composition and the metal after the hydrolysis treatment so that the product T [cm.sup.2×days] of the contact surface area [cm.sup.2] per 1 g and the contact time [days] between the composition and the metal is 100 or less.

A process for making a surfactant composition is disclosed. In the process, a mixture comprising a sugar alcohol and fatty is formed. The mixture contains less than 5% by weight of water based on the total weight of the mixture. The mixture is reacted with an alkylene oxide to make a surfactant composition containing an alkoxylated sugar alcohol fatty acid ester and a polyalkylene glycol fatty acid ester. A surfactant composition and use of the surfactant composition to separate an oil phase and/or an aqueous phase from an emulsion is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to Brassica juncea ROD1 nucleic acid sequences and proteins and the use thereof to create plants with increased levels of C18:1 and reduced levels of saturated fatty acids in the seeds.

Use of a compound having the formula (1), (2), (3), or (4) or combinations thereof, for providing a source of butyrate with improved organoleptic properties wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently a long chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic disorders.

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