What is described is a compound ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbons; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 3 to 18 carbons; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are COO; X.sub.3 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

What is described is a compound of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbons, or a branched alkyl with 12 to 20 carbons, R.sub.2 is a branched alkyl with 12 to 20 carbons, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are independently a linear alkylene with 1-18 carbons or alkenylene with 2-18 carbons, X is S or O, L.sub.3 is a bond or an alkylene with 1 to 6 carbons, R.sub.3 is an alkylene with 1 to 6 carbons, and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 6 carbons.

This invention relates to the development of processes for the preparation of functionalized castor oil derivatives namely ring-opened glyceryl ricinoleates, epoxy alkyl ricinoleates and ring-opened alkyl ricinoleates with tailorable properties from epoxidized castor oil as raw material using heterogeneous acid and base catalysts. More particularly, the invention employs two reaction chemistries namely ring-opening and transesterification using Amberlyst 15 as solid acid catalyst for the former and oxides derived from CaAl layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) as solid base catalyst for the latter and combinations thereof. Furthermore, both the catalysts are reusable and the products are easily separable after the reaction by simple physical processes.

This invention relates to the development of processes for the preparation of functionalized castor oil derivatives namely ring-opened glyceryl ricinoleates, epoxy alkyl ricinoleates and ring-opened alkyl ricinoleates with tailorable properties from epoxidized castor oil as raw material using heterogeneous acid and base catalysts. More particularly, the invention employs two reaction chemistries namely ring-opening and transesterification using Amberlyst 15 as solid acid catalyst for the former and oxides derived from CaAl layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) as solid base catalyst for the latter and combinations thereof. Furthermore, both the catalysts are reusable and the products are easily separable after the reaction by simple physical processes.

The present invention pertains to an efficient and large-scale process to produce a medium-chain triglyceride composition with >95% content for C8 (caprylic acid), C10 (capric acid) and C12 (lauric acid), with the content of lauric acid at about 5% or more. The process involves fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters, which are mainly derived from coconut or palm kernel, their esterification to glycerol to synthesize medium-chain triglycerides, and refining them to significantly increase purity and make them fit for human consumption. Such composition can have important uses in food and its preparation, health supplements, cosmetics, and medicine, among others.

The present invention pertains to an efficient and large-scale process to produce a medium-chain triglyceride composition with >95% content for C8 (caprylic acid), C10 (capric acid) and C12 (lauric acid), with the content of lauric acid at about 5% or more. The process involves fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters, which are mainly derived from coconut or palm kernel, their esterification to glycerol to synthesize medium-chain triglycerides, and refining them to significantly increase purity and make them fit for human consumption. Such composition can have important uses in food and its preparation, health supplements, cosmetics, and medicine, among others.

This application provides an oil refining system and method, including a water circulation system with a chilled water circulation unit including chilled water equipment and a chilled water pipeline, a hot water circulation unit including hot water equipment and a hot water pipeline, and an ambient temperature water circulation unit including an ambient temperature water pipeline. The oil refining system further includes a deacidification system, deodorization system, and a decoloration system to implement a systematization and automation of oil refining.

This application provides an oil refining system and method, including a water circulation system with a chilled water circulation unit including chilled water equipment and a chilled water pipeline, a hot water circulation unit including hot water equipment and a hot water pipeline, and an ambient temperature water circulation unit including an ambient temperature water pipeline. The oil refining system further includes a deacidification system, deodorization system, and a decoloration system to implement a systematization and automation of oil refining.

What is described is a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R is a linear alkyl of 1 to 12 carbons, or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbons; L is a linear alkylene or alkenylene of 5 to 18 carbons; X is COO or OCO; Y is S or O; R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, consisting of a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and n is 1-6;
or a salt, a solvate, or a pharmaceutical formulation thereof.

What is described is a compound

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbons; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 3 to 18 carbons; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are COO; X.sub.3 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.