A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material includes more than 1 ppm silicon as silicon compounds and/or more than 10 ppm phosphorous as phosphorous compounds. The method can include providing a feed of the lipid material; heat treating the organic material in presence of an adsorbent and the filtering organic material and hydrotreating the lipid material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst to obtain purified hydrotreated organic material having less than 20% organic material and/or less than 30% of the original phosphorous content of the organic material.

A process for the extraction of lipids from algal biomass comprising: —producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; —adding to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass at least one organic solvent immiscible or substantially immiscible with water obtaining an organic-aqueous mixture; —subjecting said organic-aqueous mixture to evaporation of water and lipid extraction, operating at a temperature such to obtain the substantial complete removal of the water from said organic-aqueous mixture, obtaining: (i) an organic phase comprising lipids and said organic solvent; (ii) a semi-solid phase comprising a residue of said algal biomass.

A process for the extraction of lipids from algal biomass comprising: —producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; —adding to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass at least one organic solvent immiscible or substantially immiscible with water obtaining an organic-aqueous mixture; —subjecting said organic-aqueous mixture to evaporation of water and lipid extraction, operating at a temperature such to obtain the substantial complete removal of the water from said organic-aqueous mixture, obtaining: (i) an organic phase comprising lipids and said organic solvent; (ii) a semi-solid phase comprising a residue of said algal biomass.

A method of obtaining paraffinic hydrocarbons from fat, by an exemplary method, whereby the method is performed in two stages, in a coupled flow-type system, under atmospheric pressure conditions, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, after their thermal activation, so that in Stage I the fat and/or waste fat is heated at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of an inert gas, in the presence of a catalyst in the form of a metal oxide on an oxide support or in the form of a mixture of at least two metal oxides on an oxide support. The product obtained in Stage I is treated, in the presence of an inert gas, at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of a metallic catalyst on an oxide support, with hydrogen gas or with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, obtained in the selective decomposition of methanol.

The present invention relates to a preparation method for a polyunsaturated fatty acid-calcium, primarily comprising directly reacting a polyunsaturated fatty acid material with a water-soluble calcium compound to obtain a polyunsaturated fatty acid-calcium salt. The present invention has a simple technical process, short reaction time, and high reaction yield. The produced polyunsaturated fatty acid-calcium product is of high quality, and relatively less byproducts and waste water are produced. The process is overall environmentally friendly and has small safety risks, and is suitable for scaled production.

In an aspect, a method is disclosed that includes contacting a composition with an aqueous solution to yield a mixture, where the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil, about 5 wt. % or more of free fatty acids, about 10 wppm or more of total metals, about 8 wppm or more phosphorus, about 20 wppm or more of nitrogen, and the aqueous solution includes ((NH.sub.4).sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, (NH.sub.4).sub.4EDTA, a monoammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a diammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a triammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a tetraammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, (NH.sub.4).sub.5DTPA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.4EDTA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, a combination of citric acid and a monosodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a disodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a trisodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a tetrasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.5DTPA, or a combination of any two or more thereof, where the method further includes centrifuging the mixture to yield a first treated composition, wherein the first treated composition has less total metals and less phosphorus than the composition.

A process for producing a composition having a ratio by weight of C.sub.10-C.sub.26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to C.sub.10-C.sub.26 polybranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof of greater than 6 using a zeolite, preferably ferrierite, isomerization catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is preferably the only isomerization catalyst used. The zeolite catalyst can be reused many times after simple separation from the reaction products without having to be regenerated.

A process for producing a composition having a ratio by weight of C.sub.10-C.sub.26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to C.sub.10-C.sub.26 polybranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof of greater than 6 using a zeolite, preferably ferrierite, isomerization catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is preferably the only isomerization catalyst used. The zeolite catalyst can be reused many times after simple separation from the reaction products without having to be regenerated.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a process of preparing stearic acid from animal and/or plant sources may comprise: 1) deodorizing and distilling a fat; 2) concentrating fatty acids of the fat; and 3) hydrogenating the fatty acid to provide stearic acid. The process may include the use of co-products from plant and/or animal sources. The process may also include distilling the stearic acid to provide palmitic acid and/or fully hydrogenated fatty acid. Tallow fatty acid, vegetable fatty acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid prepared from the process described are also disclosed.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a process of preparing stearic acid from animal and/or plant sources may comprise: 1) deodorizing and distilling a fat; 2) concentrating fatty acids of the fat; and 3) hydrogenating the fatty acid to provide stearic acid. The process may include the use of co-products from plant and/or animal sources. The process may also include distilling the stearic acid to provide palmitic acid and/or fully hydrogenated fatty acid. Tallow fatty acid, vegetable fatty acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid prepared from the process described are also disclosed.