A system and method for decomposing municipal solid waste (MSW) under anaerobic conditions. The system includes a bioreactor landfill with the MSW, a leachate recirculation unit in connection with the bioreactor landfill, a multilevel thermocouple unit, placed inside the bioreactor landfill for monitoring temperature in the bioreactor landfill. Further, the system includes a sensor for monitoring moisture level within the bioreactor landfill. Furthermore, the system includes the leachate recirculation unit configured to initiate recirculation of a leachate, collected from the bioreactor landfill, when temperature in the bioreactor reaches a determined temperature and a determined moisture level.

Disclosed is a solid state biological reaction device, comprising a main tank (1), wherein the device further comprises a support (2) supporting the main tank (1), and the support (2) makes the main tank (1) be rotational in the horizontal position, and be statically cultured in the vertical position. The device is relatively simple, in particular, the mixing of materials uses the method of a vehicle-tank in combination with rotation, achieving the tank free conversion between the two different poses of vertical and the horizontal; and the device conducts the work of loading, inoculation, cultivation and transplantation and so on in the upright pose, and completes the work of sterilization and mixing of materials and so on in the horizontal pose. The device is not only quick to use and easy to move, but also omits the stirring system which occupies a lot of manufacturing costs, and is easy to use in large-scale production.

Disclosed is a solid state biological reaction device, comprising a main tank (1), wherein the device further comprises a support (2) supporting the main tank (1), and the support (2) makes the main tank (1) be rotational in the horizontal position, and be statically cultured in the vertical position. The device is relatively simple, in particular, the mixing of materials uses the method of a vehicle-tank in combination with rotation, achieving the tank free conversion between the two different poses of vertical and the horizontal; and the device conducts the work of loading, inoculation, cultivation and transplantation and so on in the upright pose, and completes the work of sterilization and mixing of materials and so on in the horizontal pose. The device is not only quick to use and easy to move, but also omits the stirring system which occupies a lot of manufacturing costs, and is easy to use in large-scale production.

The present invention refers to articles for collecting samples from a surface, articles for microbiological analyses of said samples, and methods of use of said articles. The articles include sample collectors, sample housings with optional barrier layers, and sample-ready reagent strips comprising hydrophilic agents to grow and detect microorganisms. The disclosure includes methods to collect, detect, and quantify microorganisms in a surface sample.

The present invention relates to a biogas plant and to a process for the production of biogas from ligneous renewable resources, in particular straw. Means are provided for pre-treating the ligneous renewable resource in order to bring about chemical, thermal and/or mechanical digestion of said resource before it is introduced into a fermenter in which anaerobic bacterial fermentation takes place.

A porous structure according to one embodiment of the present invention is constituted by a frame having a plurality of pores interconnected 3-dimensionally through a plurality of connecting passages. The plurality of pores defined by the frame are distributed in a closest packed state and are interconnected 3-dimensionally through a plurality of connecting passages in a symmetric structure, thus being effective in achieving a maximum porosity of the porous structure. A porous hierarchical structure according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first porous structure having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected first pores and a second porous structure having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected second pores whose diameter is different from that of the first pores and surrounding and bonded to the first porous structure. A porous hierarchical structure according to a further embodiment of the present invention includes a frame having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected first pores having a diameter in the micrometer range and a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected second pores formed around the first pores and whose diameter is smaller than that of the first pores.

A porous structure according to one embodiment of the present invention is constituted by a frame having a plurality of pores interconnected 3-dimensionally through a plurality of connecting passages. The plurality of pores defined by the frame are distributed in a closest packed state and are interconnected 3-dimensionally through a plurality of connecting passages in a symmetric structure, thus being effective in achieving a maximum porosity of the porous structure. A porous hierarchical structure according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first porous structure having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected first pores and a second porous structure having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected second pores whose diameter is different from that of the first pores and surrounding and bonded to the first porous structure. A porous hierarchical structure according to a further embodiment of the present invention includes a frame having a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected first pores having a diameter in the micrometer range and a plurality of 3-dimensionally interconnected second pores formed around the first pores and whose diameter is smaller than that of the first pores.

The present invention relates to modular solid nano-bioreactor and method of using same. The present invention relates to modular solid nano-bioreactor and method of using same. Such modular solid nano-bioreactor are easily scalable, allow densely packed biofilms to be produced and to be immobilized in the modular solid nano-bioreactor which in turn permits easy purification, continuous fermentation and prevents the release of genetically modified organisms. Furthermore, the aforementioned biofilms protect the organisms from the fermentation process. Finally, the cell packing efficiency of the aforementioned modular solid nano-bioreactors leads to high cell density and high production levels.

An organic-waste-recycling apparatus for fast formation of compost includes a processing barrel, a grinding device, a control device, a stirring device, and a guiding device. The processing barrel has a first feeding port and a second feeding port, a mixing room, and an output. To-be-processed objects are fed into the mixing room through the first feeding port or the second feeding port. The grinding device is between the first feeding port and the mixing room. The control device adjusts the temperature and the humidity in the mixing room.

The stirring device rolls and blends the to-be-processed objects in the mixing room so that the to-be-processed objects are heated evenly. The guiding device guides the water vapor generated in the mixing room back to the mixing room. The apparatus decomposes and turns organic waste into organic carbon fertilizer that has economic value in an effective and efficient way.

The present invention refers to release matrices which include a material that can be released in a controlled way or with predefined kinetics into a surrounding medium, reaction vessels comprising said release matrices, and release system further comprising a medium which is able to dissolve the embedded material. The present invention further refers to the use of release matrices in several applications and the production method for such matrices. The present invention also relates to a method that al lows control of the release rate of materials from polymer matrices with several factors.