A large amount of three-dimensional cells are efficiently produced. To this end, a cell is cultured by using a culture medium containing an ultra-fine bubble generated by heating a heating element to make film boiling on an interface between a liquid W and the heating element.

Various aspects relate to a cell-free protein expression method. The method includes exposing a microorganism to substantially anaerobic growth conditions to produce a conditioned microorganism. The method further includes lysing the conditioned microorganism to produce a lysate. The method further includes combining the lysate with a nucleic acid and producing a protein of interest a metabolic pathway, a molecule, or a mixture thereof from the lysate.

The present invention provides a process for controlling the production of ethanol by microbial fermentation of gaseous substrates. More specifically, a process is provided for controlling ethanol productivity through addition of vitamins and a low cell retention time. In accordance with the process, vitamins B1, B5 and B7 are added in amounts that increase specific ethanol productivity. Cell retention times are maintained at low levels.

The invention relates to a method for producing a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), the method comprising culturing a primitive mesoderm cell in a mesenchymal colony forming medium (M-CFM) comprising LiCl and FGF2, but excluding PDGF, under normoxic conditions for sufficient time for a mesenchymal colony to form, and culturing the mesenchymal colony adherently to produce the MSC, wherein the MSC has superior T-cell immunosuppressive properties relative to an MSC not produced in said M-CFM. The invention also relates to an MSC produced by the method, a population of MSCs produced by the method, a therapeutic composition comprising the MSC produced by the method, an M-CFM and an M-CFM in concentrated form, and method and uses of the MSC or population in treating a disease.

The present invention refers to a method to convert H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 into methane by methanogenic microorganisms in a bioreactor in a continuous production process for methane enriched gas compositions, while culturing the methanogenic microorganisms under cell retention conditions and continuously removing metabolic water in the cell culture medium.

The present invention discloses a kind of method for preparing L-citrulline by using Aeromonas sp., which is related to the technical field of bioengineering. The said method consists of following steps: fermenting Aeromonas sp. in a culture medium to obtain seed liquid, and the liquid is inoculated into the fermenter at an inoculum size of 1-2% by volume. The initial pH is 3.5, and the pH in the medium is controlled below 4.0 all the time. Then, conducts shaking culture for 15-20 hours to obtain the fermentation broth. The fermentation broth is centrifuged to obtain precipitation solution and supernatant; Use the said supernatant to prepare the substrate solution, and the pH of the substrate solution is controlled at 3-5, and then, add the precipitation solution to react at the temperature of 30-50° C., the reaction time is 5-8 hours. After reaction, the L-citrulline is obtained by the method of concentration and crystallization. The present invention provides a method for preparing L-citrulline with low cost, high L-citrulline content and high purity.

The present invention relates to a process for microbial synthesis process having less water consumption and yielding desired product profile. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved process of microbial synthesis using ultra fine nutrient mist in a specially designed biofilm-bioreactor under controlled conditions. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for microbial synthesis and preparation of optimized biofilm for continuous product formation.

The present disclosure discloses preparation of M. alpina CCFM698 thalli and application thereof in a feed additive, and belongs to the field of biological engineering and feed additives. The total fatty acid content of the M. alpina dried thalli obtained by the present disclosure is 30%-40% by weight of the dried thalli, and the EPA content is 24% or more by weight of total fatty acids. The dosage of the dried thalli in the feed in the disclosure is 0.5-1.5% of the total weight of the basal feed. The thallus feed additive is reasonable in fatty acid composition and very high in EPA content and can be used for producing high-DHA eggs which are beneficial to body health of eaters. The DHA content in each of eggs laid by laying hens fed with the feed containing the feed additive of the present disclosure reaches about 120 mg which is obviously higher than that in the prior art.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria comprising growth factors, and more particularly, to a composition for promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria comprising growth factors, the composition being capable of efficiently promoting the growth of various lactic acid bacteria strains.

The preset disclosure provides methods of culturing cells, e.g., pluripotent cells, multipotent cells, and/or immune cells (e.g., T cells, NK cells, and/or TILs) in a medium comprising at least about 5 mM potassium ion, wherein the medium is not hypertonic. In some aspects, the medium is hypotonic. In some aspects, the methods disclosed herein increases the number of less-differentiated cells in the population of cells. In some aspects, the cultured cells are engineered, e.g., to comprise a chimeric antigen receptor or an engineered T cell receptor. In some aspects, the cells are administered to a subject in need thereof.