The invention pertains to an expression vector or a combination of at least two expression vectors comprising at least (a) a polynucleotide encoding a product of interest or an insertion site for incorporating a polynucleotide encoding a product of interest; (b) a polynucleotide encoding a first selectable marker (sm I); (c) a polynucleotide encoding a second selectable marker (sm II), which is different from the first selectable marker (sm I),
wherein the activity of the selectable marker (sm I) or (sm II) is at least partially influenced by the activity of the other selectable marker and wherein the selectable markers (sm I) and (sm II) are involved in the folate metabolism. Also provided are suitable host cells, selection methods and methods for producing polypeptides with high yield.

The present invention relates to constructs, vectors, relative host cells and pharmaceutical compositions which allow an effective gene therapy, in particular of genes larger than 5 Kb.

The present invention relates to helper plasmids and two-plasmid systems for producing recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors. The invention further relates to methods of using, or uses of the helper plasmids and two-plasmid systems of the invention. The present invention also relates to a helper plasmid which does not comprise a cap gene encoding a functional set of Cap proteins and which does comprise at least one rep gene and at least one helper virus gene.

The invention provides a method for determining whether a human immunodeficiency virus is resistant to a viral entry inhibitor. The methods are particularly useful for determining resistance to inhibitors that act by a non-competitive mechanism. In certain aspects, the methods comprise determining whether an HIV population is resistant to an HIV entry inhibitor, comprising determining a log-sigmoid inhibition curve comprising data points for entry of the HIV population in the presence of varying concentrations of the HIV entry inhibitor, wherein if the entry of the HIV population cannot be completely inhibited by the HIV entry inhibitor, the HIV population is resistant to the HIV entry inhibitor.

The present invention relates to a system and method for efficiently modifying the genome of cells to treat diseases via sequential homologous recombination using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing with donor DNA delivered by two or more adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors.

Recombinant polynucleotides encoding fragments of a human dysferlin protein are described herein. In addition, plasmids, viral vectors, dual vector systems, cells, and compositions comprising such recombinant polynucleotides are further described. Such recombinant polynucleotides, plasmids, viral vectors, dual vector systems, cells, and compositions may be used to treat dysfer-linopathies.

The present invention concerns a production bacterial cell for producing phage particles or phage-derived delivery vehicles, said production bacterial cell stably comprising at least one phage structural gene(s) and at least one phage DNA packaging gene(s), said phage structural gene(s) and phage DNA packaging gene(s) being derived from a first type of bacteriophage,

wherein the expression of at least one of said phage structural gene(s) and/or at least one of said phage DNA packaging gene(s) in said production bacterial cell is controlled by at least one induction mechanism, and

wherein said production bacterial cell is from a bacterial species or strain different from the bacterial species or strain from which said first type of bacteriophage comes and/or that said first type of bacteriophage targets.

Methods of modulating expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell are provided including use of multiple orthogonal Cas9 proteins to simultaneously and independently regulate corresponding genes or simultaneously and independently edit corresponding genes.

A modular and hierarchical DNA assembly platform for synthetic biology is described. This enabling technology, termed MIDAS (for Modular Idempotent DNA Assembly System), can precisely assemble multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction using a standardised assembly design. It can be used to build genes from libraries of sequence-verified, reusable parts and to assemble multiple genes in a single vector. We describe the design and use of MIDAS, and its application in the reconstruction of the metabolic pathway for production of paspaline, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of a range of indole diterpenes—a class of economically important secondary metabolites produced by several species of filamentous fungi.

Provided herein is a dual vector transfection system for the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). The dual vector transfection system generally comprises: (1) a first nucleic acid vector comprising a first nucleotide sequence encoding an AAV Rep protein, a second nucleotide sequence comprising an rAAV genome comprising a transgene, and a third nucleotide sequence encoding an AAV capsid protein; and (2) a second nucleic acid vector comprising a helper virus gene.