Provided is a method of producing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). According to the method, MPLA may be produced with high purity and high purity by using a bacterium producing MPLA.

Provided is a method of producing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). According to the method, MPLA may be produced with high purity and high purity by using a bacterium producing MPLA.

The present invention provides N-acetyl derivatives of sialic acids, including N-acetyl derivatives of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Methods for preparing related precursors and a variety of sialosides are also disclosed.

The present invention provides N-acetyl derivatives of sialic acids, including N-acetyl derivatives of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Methods for preparing related precursors and a variety of sialosides are also disclosed.

The invention concerns a compound characterised by a mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid chemically bonded to a saccharide. Furthermore, the invention concerns a corresponding compound which is used as a synthesis component for polymers or fine chemicals.

The invention concerns a compound characterised by a mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid chemically bonded to a saccharide. Furthermore, the invention concerns a corresponding compound which is used as a synthesis component for polymers or fine chemicals.

Provided herein are genetically modified host cells, compositions, and methods for improved production of steviol glycosides. In some embodiments, the host cell is genetically modified to comprise a heterologous nucleic acid expression cassette that expresses an ABC-transporter capable of transporting steviol glycosides to the extracellular space or to the luminal space of an intracellular organelle. In some embodiments, the host cell further comprises one or more heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding further enzymes of a pathway capable of producing one or more steviol glycosides in the host cell. The host cells, compositions, and methods described herein provide an efficient route for the heterologous production of steviol glycosides, including but not limited to, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a sophorolipid surfactant and a bio-synergist and the methods of using the same.

The invention provides methods for production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, from cells in culture using, for example, bone marrow cells and neuroblastoma cells. Methods include the treatment of cells with neural induction media and chloroquine, or chloroquine alone in the case of, e.g., human bone marrow cells, neuraminidase or glucosamine, to induce the production of gangliosides, e.g. GM1, in the cells. Also provided are methods of long-term, high density culturing of cells without passaging to produce gangliosides, e.g., GM1. Methods of quantifying gangliosides, e.g., GM1 in cell culture are also provided.

The invention provides methods for production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, from cells in culture using, for example, bone marrow cells and neuroblastoma cells. Methods include the treatment of cells with neural induction media and chloroquine, or chloroquine alone in the case of, e.g., human bone marrow cells, neuraminidase or glucosamine, to induce the production of gangliosides, e.g. GM1, in the cells. Also provided are methods of long-term, high density culturing of cells without passaging to produce gangliosides, e.g., GM1. Methods of quantifying gangliosides, e.g., GM1 in cell culture are also provided.