Compounds, called liamocins from Aureobasidium pullulans, having the general structure in Formula 1 are disclosed. ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is either COCH.sub.3 or H; and R.sub.2 is between two to ten O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate; and R.sub.3 can be a polyol (e.g., L- or D-glycerol, L- or D-threitol, L- or D-erythritol, L- or D-arabitol, L- or D-xylitol, L- or D-lyxitol, L- or D-ribitol, L- or D-allitol, L- or D-altritol, L- or D-mannitol, L- or D-iditol, L- or D-gulitol, L- or D-glucitol (also called sorbitol), L- or D-galactitol (also called dulcitol), and L- or D-talitol), 2-amino-D-mannitol, 2N-acetylamino-D-mannitol, L-rhamnitol, or D-fucitol; except when R.sub.3 is D-mannitol, R.sub.2 is not 2 nor 3 O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate chains. These liamocins described above in addition to D-mannitol liamocin A1, D-mannitol liamocin A2, D-mannitol liamocin B1, and D-mannitol liamocin B2, alone or in combination with each other, can be used to kill certain bacteria and to treat certain bacterial infections.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors.

The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors.

Ent-kaurenoic acid glycoside precursor compositions and synthesis methods are provided. The KA-19-monoside, KA-19-bioside and KA-19-trioside precursors can be used as starting materials for a variety of kaurenoic acid based reactions. The precursors provide alternative synthesis pathways for steviol glycosides to the natural pathway based on Steviol biosynthesis. The alternative synthesis pathways using the precursors also circumvent the rate limiting step of the natural Steviol biosynthesis pathway. The precursors can be used individually or in combination to produce a mixture or individual steviol glycosides such as Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside D or Rebaudioside M. Control over the precursor quantities and composition allows control over the composition of the resulting steviol glycosides that are finally produced.

Ent-kaurenoic acid glycoside precursor compositions and synthesis methods are provided. The KA-19-monoside, KA-19-bioside and KA-19-trioside precursors can be used as starting materials for a variety of kaurenoic acid based reactions. The precursors provide alternative synthesis pathways for steviol glycosides to the natural pathway based on Steviol biosynthesis. The alternative synthesis pathways using the precursors also circumvent the rate limiting step of the natural Steviol biosynthesis pathway. The precursors can be used individually or in combination to produce a mixture or individual steviol glycosides such as Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside D or Rebaudioside M. Control over the precursor quantities and composition allows control over the composition of the resulting steviol glycosides that are finally produced.

The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing compound K and compound Y, which are originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from saponins of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, compound K and compound Y, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing compound K and compound Y, which are originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from saponins of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, compound K and compound Y, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing ginsenoside F2, compound Mc or compound O, which is originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from a saponin of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, ginsenoside F2, compound Mc and compound O, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.