The present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting sensor capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon. In addition, the present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting kit capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon and a nucleic acid detecting method using same. The present invention can easily and simply determine the presence or absence of a target nucleic acid in a PCR amplicon by utilizing the function in which the target nucleic acid is associated with nanoparticles to form a composite and when loaded into the sensor, the composite is separated and moves according to the structure of the sensor and is finally visualized on the sensor.

A structural molecular building block is provided and includes first structural molecules arranged in a three-dimensional structure and second structural molecules. Each of the second structural molecules is attached at a first region thereof to one of the first structural molecules to form the three-dimensional structure into a tessellating molecular building block and has a second region thereof for connection to a corresponding structural molecule of an additional tessellating molecular building block. The second structural molecules facilitate tessellation of the tessellating molecular building block with additional tessellating molecular building blocks to encourage growth of a macroscopic crystal.

A structural molecular building block is provided and includes first structural molecules arranged in a three-dimensional structure and second structural molecules. Each of the second structural molecules is attached at a first region thereof to one of the first structural molecules to form the three-dimensional structure into a tessellating molecular building block and has a second region thereof for connection to a corresponding structural molecule of an additional tessellating molecular building block. The second structural molecules facilitate tessellation of the tessellating molecular building block with additional tessellating molecular building blocks to encourage growth of a macroscopic crystal.

This disclosure provides techniques and systems for efficient random access to digital data encoded in oligonucleotides (e.g., DNA). Random access to DNA-encoded data is provided by amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primer pairs that selectively amplify only the oligonucleotides encoding a desired set of digital data. Multiple separate random-access requests are prepared for multiplex DNA sequencing by generating copy-normalized amplification products. Copy-normalized amplification products are efficiently created by performing multiple singleplex PCR reactions in parallel and measuring the quantity of oligonucleotides in each reaction. The PCR reactions are performed in parallel through the use of multiple isolated reaction volumes such as water-in-oil microdroplets or individual wells on a plate. Copy normalization may be achieved by performing additional rounds of thermocycling on individual reaction volumes with low quantities of oligonucleotides or by batching samples with similar quantities of oligonucleotides together for multiplex DNA sequencing.

This disclosure provides techniques and systems for efficient random access to digital data encoded in oligonucleotides (e.g., DNA). Random access to DNA-encoded data is provided by amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primer pairs that selectively amplify only the oligonucleotides encoding a desired set of digital data. Multiple separate random-access requests are prepared for multiplex DNA sequencing by generating copy-normalized amplification products. Copy-normalized amplification products are efficiently created by performing multiple singleplex PCR reactions in parallel and measuring the quantity of oligonucleotides in each reaction. The PCR reactions are performed in parallel through the use of multiple isolated reaction volumes such as water-in-oil microdroplets or individual wells on a plate. Copy normalization may be achieved by performing additional rounds of thermocycling on individual reaction volumes with low quantities of oligonucleotides or by batching samples with similar quantities of oligonucleotides together for multiplex DNA sequencing.

The present disclosure relates to novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles, to processes for their preparation and to compositions comprising the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles. The disclosure also relates to the use of the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles in electrochemiluminescence based detection methods and in the in vitro detection of an analyte. In particular, the disclosure relates to methods for measuring an analyte by in vitro methods employing the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles.

The present disclosure relates to novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles, to processes for their preparation and to compositions comprising the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles. The disclosure also relates to the use of the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles in electrochemiluminescence based detection methods and in the in vitro detection of an analyte. In particular, the disclosure relates to methods for measuring an analyte by in vitro methods employing the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles.

The invention is directed to nanopore-based methods for analyzing polymers, such as polynucleotides or proteins, containing optical labels specific for different kinds of monomers. In some embodiments, methods of the invention include steps of (a) translocating a polymer through a nanopore, wherein different kinds of monomers of the polymer are labeled with different optical labels that generate distinguishable optical signals and wherein the nanopore constrains the monomers to move single file through an excitation zone that encompasses a plurality of monomers; (b) detecting a time-ordered set of optical signals from the monomers as the polymer passes they pass through the excitation zone; (c) separating optical signals from different kinds of monomers to form monomer-specific time-ordered sets of optical signals; and (d) determining a sequence of monomers from the monomer-specific time-ordered sets of optical signals from the polymer.

The invention is directed to nanopore-based methods for analyzing polymers, such as polynucleotides or proteins, containing optical labels specific for different kinds of monomers. In some embodiments, methods of the invention include steps of (a) translocating a polymer through a nanopore, wherein different kinds of monomers of the polymer are labeled with different optical labels that generate distinguishable optical signals and wherein the nanopore constrains the monomers to move single file through an excitation zone that encompasses a plurality of monomers; (b) detecting a time-ordered set of optical signals from the monomers as the polymer passes they pass through the excitation zone; (c) separating optical signals from different kinds of monomers to form monomer-specific time-ordered sets of optical signals; and (d) determining a sequence of monomers from the monomer-specific time-ordered sets of optical signals from the polymer.

Provided is a diagnostic method in which small-sized cfDNA is concentrated and isolated from a liquid sample such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood, pleural fluid, or body fluid, and then a biomarker overexpressed in a specific cancer is detected with ultra-high sensitivity without PCR, and the method does not require a PCR amplification reaction and thus can greatly reduce time taken to diagnose cancer, and since it can be directly analyzed in the field, it can be used as a point-of-care testing (POCT) that can simultaneously search a large number of genes within a short time.