The current invention pertains to miRNAs that are differentially expressed in samples of an individual having pancreatic cancer, or having a high risk of developing pancreatic cancer, as compared to the corresponding sample of an individual not having pancreatic cancer, or having low risk of developing pancreatic cancer, respectively. In certain embodiments, the miRNAs are differentially expressed in a tissue sample or blood plasma sample of an individual having a pancreatic lesion and having a high risk of developing pancreatic cancer as compared to the corresponding tissue sample or blood sample of an individual having the pancreatic lesion and having no risk or low risk of developing pancreatic cancer. These differentially expressed miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and/or prevention of pancreatic cancer, particularly, in a subject having a pancreatic lesion. Microarray containing miRNAs indicative of the presence of pancreatic cancer, or having a high risk of pancreatic cancer development, particularly, in a subject having a pancreatic lesion, and methods of use of the microarrays are also provided.

The present invention includes a method for analyzing RNA fragments. In one aspect, the present invention includes a method of identifying a subject in need of therapeutic intervention to treat a disease or condition, disease recurrence, or disease progression comprises characterizing the identity of rRNA fragments. The invention also includes diagnosing, identifying or monitoring a disease or condition, and a method for identifying rRNA fragments. The invention also includes diagnosing, identifying or monitoring a glaucoma in a subject in need thereof by characterizing the identity of rRNA or tRNA fragments.

Described herein are methods for determining a sequence of a region of interest from an mRNA molecule. Sequenced polynucleotides can include a barcode region, a homopolymer region (e.g., a poly-A region), and a target region associated with the mRNA molecule. According to some methods, the barcode region omits the same base present in the homopolymer region. According to some methods, extension of the primer used for sequencing is stalled within the homopolymer region. According to some methods, sequencing flow cycles and the different barcode regions of the polynucleotides configured are such that the primer is extended to the end of the barcode region across the plurality of polynucleotides before being extended into the homopolymer region. According to some methods, two primers or a cleavable primer is used to separately sequence the barcode region and the target region.

The present invention relates to a nanoplasmonic biosensor capable of label-free multiplex detection of disease markers in blood with high selectivity and sensitivity and a method for detecting disease markers using the nanoplasmonic biosensor. The nanoplasmonic biosensor of the present invention enables label-free multiplex detection of miRNAs as disease markers in blood with high selectivity and sensitivity. Therefore, the nanoplasmonic biosensor of the present invention can be effectively used for the diagnosis of miRNA-related diseases and clinical applications.

The invention is directed to biomarkers for predicting a patient's response, both therapeutic and toxic, to immunotherapy.

The present disclosure provides compositions comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, and methods for treating a cancer comprising administering miR-3132, or a composition comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TRAIL or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, to a subject.

A method of distinguishing a subject with pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease from those with similar symptoms but other forms of dementia such as mild cognitive impairment. The blood RNA whole transcriptome profile of a subject with suspected pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease is obtained and analyzed against a reference blood RNA whole transcriptome profile from a subject with another form of dementia such as frontal temporal dementia, CADASIL or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The blood RNA whole transcriptome profile includes the presence and quantitation of ncRNA. Methods to enhance treatment of epileptic seizures are also discussed.

The present disclosure relates to the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) and diseases related to vascular ageing and in the treatment of smooth muscle cells diseases, in particular an inhibitor of a metalloprotease the treatment of smooth muscle cells diseases. The disclosure subject matter describes a more effective therapies for the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and diseases related to vascular ageing, or namely by the use of an inhibitor of a metalloprotease.

The lack of clear predictors of prostate cancer progression leads to subjective decision-making regarding courses of treatment. The identification of new biomarkers that are predictive of recurrence after radical prostatectomy would advance the field of prostate cancer treatment. Disclosed are miRNAs that can be used as molecular biomarkers to detect or predict the progression of prostate cancer and to adjust a treatment plan accordingly. Furthermore, kits are included for the detection of these miRNAs.

Described herein are RNA-based antisense therapeutics to target antibiotic resistant bacteria. The antisense therapeutics disclosed herein can be useful in re-sensitizing drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics, as well as developing antibiotics that have bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects on the drug-resistant bacteria or are capable of preventing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Also described herein are methods for re-sensitizing a subject to one or more antibiotics in need thereof, methods for identifying target genes involved in adaptive antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and methods for developing antibacterial antisense therapeutics.