Aspects described herein provide methods and kits for identifying at least one methylation pattern and optionally a transcription pattern in a nucleic acid from at least one exosome or circulating tumor cell in blood or other tissue sample.

The present disclosure relates to methods for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage where curative therapies are still an option and survival rates are increased. The methods involve the detection of three, small unannotated non-coding RNAs found in the exosomes of patients with early HCC.

Provided herein are methods for detecting a head and neck cancer of the oral cavity or throat, optionally oral squamous cell carcinoma, comprising executing the step of determining the expression of two or more miRNA in a biological sample obtained from a subject, wherein the two or more miRNA are selected from the group consisting of hsa-let-7a, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-486-5p and hsa-miR-92a-3p, and wherein the level of expression of said two or more niiRNAs in the biological sample relative to the level of expression of said two or more miRNAs in one or more cancer-free reference samples is indicative of the presence of a head and neck cancer of the oral cavity or throat of the subject.

In the present invention, it has been confirmed that, when an RNA interference-inducing nucleic acid including at least one 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) in 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end of at least one single strand of a double strand of a nucleic acid, and a modified nucleic acid that specifically binds to microRNA and in which at least one guanine (G) from among the 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end are modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G), are produced and administered to cells or mice, various pathophysiological phenomena are induced.

In addition, the positions where G>T modifications occur have been identified in cDNA produced through the reverse transcription of microRNA in which guanine (G) is oxidatively modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) by oxidative stress in a seed region of microRNA, to confirm the positions where oxidative modification to 8-oxoguanine has occurred.

Disclosed is a method for expecting and diagnosing UQCRB-related disease, and more particularly, related to a method for diagnosing a UQCRB-related disease and a cholesterol biosynthesis related disease, as well as expecting risks of post-occurrence of the UQCRB-related disease and the cholesterol biosynthesis related disease, simply by measuring an expression level of miRNA, and a kit and a biomarker composition for the method.

The present invention includes a method for analyzing RNA fragments. In one aspect, the present invention includes a method of identifying a subject in need of therapeutic intervention to treat a disease or condition, disease recurrence, or disease progression comprises characterizing the identity of rRNA fragments. The invention also includes diagnosing, identifying or monitoring a disease or condition, and a method for identifying rRNA fragments. The invention also includes diagnosing, identifying or monitoring a glaucoma in a subject in need thereof by characterizing the identity of rRNA or tRNA fragments.

Methods of isolating cell free RNA from individual's bodily fluid and reliably obtain cell free RNA data are presented, preferably by use of high-stability portions and/or use of targeted small amplicons on the cell free RNA.

A method for specifically and efficiently quantifying the expression of targeted RNA variants with specific terminal sequences suitable to identify multiple isoforms bearing complex heterogeneity in terminal sequences by hybridizing a 5′-Dbs-adapter to the 5′-end of target RNAs, wherein the 5′-Dbs-adapter has a stem-loop structure whose protruding 5′-end base-pairs with the 5′-end of target RNAs, and wherein the loop region of 5′-Dbs-adapter contains a base-lacking spacer which will terminate reverse transcription in a subsequent step; hybridizing a 3′db-adapter to the 3′-end of target RNAs, wherein the 3′-db-adapter has a stem-loop structure whose protruding 3′-end base-pairs with the 3′-end of target RNAs; ligating both adapters with target RNAs by RN12 ligation to form a “dumbbell-like” structure; and, amplifying and quantifying the ligation product by RT-PCR.

The present invention provides a method of detecting one or more analytes in a target sample, the method comprising: a. providing a nanoparticle dimer adapted to bind the analyte; b. causing the dimer to pass through a nanopore by voltage-driven translocation; c. observing changes in the translocation current; and d. comparing the translocation current profile of the target sample to the translocation current profile of a control sample; wherein a change in the translocation current profile of the target sample versus the control sample indicates the presence of the analyte in the target sample. Also provided is a method of detecting one or more analytes in a target sample, the method comprising: a. providing a nanoparticle adapted to bind the analyte; b. providing a carrier nucleic acid molecule with at least one single-stranded region; c. contacting the carrier nucleic acid molecule and nanoparticle with the target sample, forming a carrier nucleic acid/analyte/nanoparticle complex; b. causing the carrier nucleic acid/analyte/nanoparticle complex to pass through a biological nanopore by voltage-driven translocation; c. observing changes in the translocation current; and d. comparing the translocation current profile of the target sample to the translocation current profile of a control sample; wherein a change in the translocation current profile of the target sample versus the control sample indicates the presence of the analyte in the target sample.

The present invention relates to an in vitro method for predicting the response of a bladder cancer patient to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy, comprising determining the expression level or ratio of expression levels of miRNAs or combinations of miRNAs in a sample and comparing said expression level, or ratio of expression levels, to a reference value, wherein a difference in said comparison is indicative of said patient’s response to BCG therapy. The present invention also relates to kits for carrying out such methods and to uses of miRNAs, or combinations of miRNAs, to predict whether or not a bladder cancer patient will respond to BCG therapy.