A method for specifically and efficiently quantifying the expression of targeted RNA variants with specific terminal sequences suitable to identify multiple isoforms bearing complex heterogeneity in terminal sequences by hybridizing a 5′-Dbs-adapter to the 5′-end of target RNAs, wherein the 5′-Dbs-adapter has a stem-loop structure whose protruding 5′-end base-pairs with the 5′-end of target RNAs, and wherein the loop region of 5′-Dbs-adapter contains a base-lacking spacer which will terminate reverse transcription in a subsequent step; hybridizing a 3′Db-adapter to the 3′-end of target RNAs, wherein the 3′-Db-adapter has a stem-loop structure whose protruding 3′-end base-pairs with the 3′-end of target RNAs; ligating both adapters with target RNAs by RN12 ligation to form a “dumbbell-like” structure; and, amplifying and quantifying the ligation product by RT-PCR.

The present invention provides a method of predicting whether a pulmonary nodule in a subject is benign or non-small cell lung cancer, comprising obtaining the results of an assay that measures an expression level of miR205-5p in a plasma sample from the subject; obtaining the results of an assay that measures an expression level of miR126 in a plasma sample from the subject; obtaining the results of an assay that provides a size of the pulmonary nodule in the subject; and calculating a probability value based on the combination of the expression levels of miR205-5p and miR126, and the size of the pulmonary nodule, wherein if the probability value exceeds a specified threshold, the pulmonary nodule is predicted as non-small cell lung cancer.

This invention provides a kit or device for detection of prostate cancer and a method for detecting prostate cancer. This invention provides a kit or device for detection of prostate cancer comprising a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to an miRNA in a sample from a subject or a complementary strand thereof and a method for detecting prostate cancer comprising measuring the miRNA in vitro.

This invention relates to polycomb-associated RNAs, libraries and fragments of those RNAs, inhibitory nucleic acids and methods and compositions for targeting RNAs, and methods of use thereof.

The disclosure provides immunogenic peptides, compositions, means, and methods for treating Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment. The disclosure further provides means and methods for diagnosing patients, selecting patients for treatment, and/or evaluating the efficacy of treatment for Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.

The present disclosure includes assays that involve measurement of expression levels of prognostic biomarkers, or co-expressed biomarkers, from a biological sample obtained from a prostate cancer patient, and analysis of the measured expression levels to provide information concerning the likely prognosis for the patient, and likelihood that the patient will have a recurrence of prostate cancer, or to classify the tumor by likelihood of clinical outcome or TMPRSS2 fusion status.

Samples, systems for collecting samples, and methods of preserving samples from menstrual fluid are provided.

Agents for the treatment of patients having non-small cell lung cancer and methods of diagnostics related include an inhibitor of miR 24 3p, a locked nucleic acid, including methods of predicting response to platinum-based chemotherapy, for patients having, or suspected of having, non-small cell lung cancer.

The described invention provides compositions and methods for treating a fibrotic condition in a subject. The methods include administering a therapeutic amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising synthetic extracellular vesicles (EVs) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for providing information on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The present invention also relates to a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating Parkinson's disease. The present invention uses at least one miRNA whose expression is specifically down- or up-regulated in a Parkinson's disease model. Therefore, the use of the miRNA is effective in diagnosing and treating Parkinson's disease.