The invention provides engineered biosynthetic pathways that can be used to produce cannabinoids from fatty acids, recombinant microorganisms incorporating such pathways, methods of biosynthetically producing cannabinoids from fatty acids, and cannabinoids so produced.

A trans-disciplinary system for cell-free biosynthesis includes a cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) tool and modular, generalizable microfluidic architectures. Both components of the system are independently functional and are combinable into a cell-free biosynthesis platform. In the first component, modular plasmid libraries are used to program bacterial cell-free TX-TL systems. Each plasmid holds one gene or operon, and all the genes are controlled by the same promoter, so that the stoichiometry of enzyme synthesis is determined by the stoichiometry of plasmids in the reaction. In the second part, in order to facilitate high throughput mixing and matching of gene units from the modular plasmid libraries, a modular, reconfigurable, flexible, and scalable microfluidic architecture is employed. The microfluidic modules share common form factors and port/valve locations, so that a small set of module types, with multiple instances of each type interconnected in different geometries, allows simple reconfiguration to achieve different modes of operation.

Hyperblebbing Shigella strains are generated by disrupting one or more components of the Tol-Pal system. The blebs from these strains are useful immunogens for vaccination. The individual proteins found in these blebs can also be used as immunogens.

A method and cell line for producing phytocannabinoids and phytocannabinoid analogues in yeast. The method applies, and the cell line includes, a yeast cell transformed with a polyketide synthase CDS and a cytosolic prenyltransferase CDS. The polyketide synthase enzyme catalyzes synthesis of olivetol or methyl-olivetol, and may include Cannabis sativa olivetolic acid synthase or Dictyostelium discoideum polyketide synthase (“DiPKS”). The yeast cell may be modified to include a phosphopantethienyl transferase for increased activity of DiPKS. The yeast cell may be modified to mitigate mitochondrial acetaldehyde catabolism for increasing malonyl-CoA available for synthesizing olivetol or methyl-olivetol. The prenyltransferase enzyme catalyzes synthesis of cannabigerol or a cannabigerol analogue, and may include an αββα cytosolic prenyltransferase enzyme from Streptomyces sp CL190. The yeast cell may be modified to mitigate depletion of geranyl pyrophosphate for increasing available geranyl pyrophosphate for prenylation.

The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology; specifically the production of a flavor compound (raspberry ketone) in a host cell.

A non-naturally occurring microbial organism includes a microbial organism having a 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) pathway having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 1,3-BDO pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce 1,3-BDO. The pathway includes an enzyme selected from a 2-amino-4-ketopentanoate (AKP) thiolase, an AKP dehydrogenase, a 2-amino-4-hydroxypentanoate aminotransferase, a 2-amino-4-hydroxypentanoate oxidoreductase (deaminating), a 2-oxo-4-hydroxypentanoate decarboxylase, a 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde reductase, an AKP aminotransferase, an AKP oxidoreductase (deaminating), a 2,4-dioxopentanoate decarboxylase, a 3-oxobutyraldehyde reductase (ketone reducing), a 3-oxobutyraldehyde reductase (aldehyde reducing), a 4-hydroxy-2-butanone reductase, an AKP decarboxylase, a 4-aminobutan-2-one aminotransferase, a 4-aminobutan-2-one oxidoreductase (deaminating), a 4-aminobutan-2-one ammonia-lyase, a butenone hydratase, an AKP ammonia-lyase, an acetylacrylate decarboxylase, an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (CoA-dependent, aldehyde forming), an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (CoA-dependent, alcohol forming), an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (ketone reducing), a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA reductase (aldehyde forming), a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA reductase (alcohol forming), a 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, and a crotonase. A method for producing 1,3-BDO, includes culturing such microbial organisms under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 1,3-BDO.

The present disclosure discloses three carotenoid esterases and the application of their encoding genes. The genes encoding the carotenoid esterase include: LbZAT1 gene with the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, LbZAT2 gene with the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.2, and/or LbZAT3 gene with the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.3. The proteins encoded by the LbZAT1, LbZAT2 and LbZAT3 genes of the present disclosure have the function of catalyzing the esterification reaction between carotenoids containing free hydroxyl and fatty acid acyl donors. Carotenoid esterase and its encoding genes have important application value in the biosynthesis of esterified carotenoids in vitro.

A PHA copolymer which is slowly crystallized is improved in crystallization speed to improve the melt workability of the PHA copolymer in working such as injection molding, film molding, blow molding, fiber spinning, extrusion foaming or bead foaming, thereby improving the resultant articles in productivity. A method for the improvement is a method for producing a PHA mixture, including the step of culturing a microorganism having both of a gene encoding a PHA synthase that synthesizes a copolymer PHA (A) and that is derived from the genus Aeromonas, and a gene encoding a PHA synthase that synthesizes a PHA (B) different in melting point from the copolymer PHA (A) by 10° C. or more to produce, in a cell of the microorganism, two or more PHAs different in melting point from one another by 10° C. or more simultaneously.

Disclosed herein are microorganism and methods that can be used for the synthesis of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabinoids. The methods disclosed can be used to produce CBGA, Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC). Enzymes useful for the synthesis of CBGA and cannabinoids, include but are not limited to acyl activating enzyme (AAE1), polyketide synthase (PKS), olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), prenyltransferase (PT), THCA synthase (THCAS), CBDA synthase (CBDAS), CBCA synthase (CBCAS), HMG-Co reductase (HMG1), and/or farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (ERG20). The microorganisms can also have one or more genes disrupted, such as gene that that controls beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids.