The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for the production of 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA from a carbon source. The method provides for engineered microorganisms that express endogenous and/or exogenous nucleic acid molecules that catalyze the conversion of a carbon source into 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA. The disclosure further provides methods of producing polymers derived from 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA.

Provided herein are diterpene synthases (diTPS) and methods for producing diterpenoids. Also provided herein are nucleic acid sequences encoding diTPS, diTPS amino acid sequences, diTPS proteins, vectors, cells, transgenic organisms, uses, compositions, methods, processes, and kits thereof.

The invention is for an increased isoprenoid production by carotenoid optimization in an expression system and the carotegenic gene for optimization may be geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), phytoene synthase (PSY1), conserved CRTI or mutated CRT1.sub.A393T, BT1 of S. cerevisae. The carotogenic gene from red yeast which includes Rhodosporidium spp. Rhodotorula spp, Sporidiobolus spp., Leucosporidium spp., Sporobolomyes spp. is selected.

Provided herein are diterpene synthases (diTPS) and methods for producing diterpenoids. Also provided herein are nucleic acid sequences encoding diTPS, diTPS amino acid sequences, diTPS proteins, vectors, cells, transgenic organisms, uses, compositions, methods, processes, and kits thereof.

The present invention relates to a recombinant Deinococcus bacterium exhibiting enhanced 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (MEP/DXP) pathway, and its use for producing terpene or terpenoid compounds.

Engineered microorganisms are provided that convert gaseous substrates, such as producer gas, into limonene. In some embodiments, limonene is pumped out of the cell via an efflux pump. In some embodiments, limonene, produced as described herein, is converted through catalytic dimerization into jet fuel. Producer gas used in the processes described herein for production of limonene may be derived from sources that include gasification of waste feedstock and/or biomass residue, waste gas from industrial processes, or natural gas, biogas, or landfill gas.

Constructs, host cells, fungi, seeds, plants, and methods are described herein can include a Serendipita indica terpenoid synthase (SiTPS). Such constructs host cells, fungi, seeds, plants, and methods are useful, for example, for making viridiflorol. As described herein, the basidionycete Serendipita indica, a non-specific-host root endophyte fungus, possesses a functional terpenoid synthase gene (SiTPS). Heterologous expression of SiTPS in host cells showed that the produced protein efficiently utilizes the fifteen-carbon precursor farnesylpyrophosphate (FTP) to synthesize the sesquiterpene alcohol viridiflorol, shown below.

Disclosed is yeast cells having peroxisomally localized GPP synthase and a peroxisomally localized enzyme that converts GPP into a monoterpenoids, cannabinoids, monoterpene indole alkaloids and prenylated aromatic compounds; or a precursor therefore, which yeast cells are capable of producing improved amounts of monoterpenoids, cannabinoids, monoterpene indole alkaloids and prenylated aromatic compounds, compared with the same yeast cells where the GPP synthase and the enzyme that converts GPP are located in the cytoplasm. Further disclosed is the use of the yeast cell for producing monoterpenoids, cannabinoids, monoterpene indole alkaloids and prenylated aromatic compounds.

The present invention relates to methods of producing compounds of interest in a recombinant microorganism. In particular, the present invention relates to using a recombinant microorganism comprising a heterologous nucleic acid encoding one or more mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) biosynthetic enzymes (e.g., MysH) to produce compounds of interest. Compositions comprising compounds produced using such methods are also provided herein. The present disclosure also provides methods of preventing sunburn, cancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases by administering such compositions to subjects in need thereof.