Provided is a heat treatment apparatus capable of more reliably conveying a workpiece along a desired conveyance path by a simple configuration. A heat treatment apparatus 1 includes a heating chamber 7, a cooling chamber 8 disposed adjacent to the heating chamber 7, a conveyance tray 2 to support the workpiece 100, and a first conveyance mechanism 3 to convey the conveyance tray 2 along a conveyance path B1 from the outside of the heating chamber 7 to the outside of the cooling chamber 8 through the heating chamber 7 and the cooling chamber 8.

A motor vehicle tire is reinforced by at least one carbon steel band that has a very low carbon content and high strength in the work-hardened state The carbon steel comprises (% by weight) between 0.05% and 0.4% of carbon, between 0.5% and 4% of manganese, between 0.1% and 2.5% of silicon, optionally (i) less than 1.5% of aluminium, (ii) less than 0.5% of each of the metals boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium, and (iii) less than 0.05% of each of the elements phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, or rare earth, and the rest is made up of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting. The microstructure of the work-hardened carbon steel is mainly martensitic or ferritic-martensitic. The strength, denoted Rm, of the strip is greater than 1200 MPa and its elongation at break, denoted At, is between 1% and 5%.

A friction apparatus is provided. The friction apparatus includes: a first member having a first surface; and a second member having a second surface that contacts the first surface, and moving while in contact with the first member, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is hardened.

A friction apparatus is provided. The friction apparatus includes: a first member having a first surface; and a second member having a second surface that contacts the first surface, and moving while in contact with the first member, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is hardened.

A chassis component for a motor vehicle is disclosed. The chassis component (1) is manufactured at least partially from a multi-layer steel sheet (10, 20, 30). The multi-layer steel sheet (10, 20, 30) includes at least three steel layers, including two outer steel layers (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32) and one inner steel layer (13, 23, 33). At least one outer steel layer (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32) of the multi-layer steel sheet (10, 20, 30) has a tensile strength of at least 1200 MPa. A method for producing a chassis component for a motor vehicle, in particular a wheel (1) or a part thereof, is also disclosed.

A process for producing dual phase steel sheet including steps of making a liquid steel having a chemical composition in wt % of C: 0.03-0.12. Mn: 0.8-1.5. Si: <0.1, Cr: 0.3-0.7, S: 0.008 maximum, P: 0.025 maximum, Al: 0.01 to 0.1, N: 0.007 maximum. Nb: 0.005-0.035. and V: 0.06 maximum, remainder Fe; continuous casting the liquid steel into a slab; hot rolling the slab into a hot rolled sheet at finish rolling temperature (FRT) 84030 C.; cooling the hot rolled sheet on the run out table at a cooling rate 40 70 C./s to an intermediate temperature (Tint) of 720 C.Tint650 C.; natural cooling the hot rolled sheet for a duration of 5-7 seconds and rapidly cooling the hot rolled sheet to transform remaining carbon enriched austenite to martensite, at cooling rate of 40-70 C./s to a coiling temperature below 400 C.

A railway wheel in which formation of pro-eutectoid cementite is suppressed is stably produced.

After heating an intermediate product containing, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15% to a temperature not less than A.sub.cm transformation point, the intermediate product is cooled such that the cooling rate ( C./sec) in a range from 800 to 500 C. satisfies the following conditions: Surface other than the tread and the flange surface: not more than Fn1 defined by Formula (1), Cooling rate in a region in which cooling rate is slowest: not less than Fn2 defined by Formula (1), and Tread and flange surface: not less than Fn2:

Fn1=5.0+exp(5.6511.427C1.280Si0.7723Mn1.815Cr1.519Al7.798V)(1)

Fn2=0.515+exp(24.816+24.121C+1.210Si+0.529Mn+2.458Cr15.116Al5.116V)(2)

A railway wheel in which formation of pro-eutectoid cementite is suppressed is stably produced.

After heating an intermediate product containing, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15% to a temperature not less than A.sub.cm transformation point, the intermediate product is cooled such that the cooling rate ( C./sec) in a range from 800 to 500 C. satisfies the following conditions: Surface other than the tread and the flange surface: not more than Fn1 defined by Formula (1), Cooling rate in a region in which cooling rate is slowest: not less than Fn2 defined by Formula (1), and Tread and flange surface: not less than Fn2:

Fn1=5.0+exp(5.6511.427C1.280Si0.7723Mn1.815Cr1.519Al7.798V)(1)

Fn2=0.515+exp(24.816+24.121C+1.210Si+0.529Mn+2.458Cr15.116Al5.116V)(2)

Provided is a railway wheel capable of suppressing formation of pro-eutectoid cementite even if the C content is high. A railway wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%; Si: 0.45% or less; Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%; P: 0.050% or less; S: 0.030% or less; Al: 0.120 to 0.650%; N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%; Cr: 0 to 0.25%; and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein an amount of pro-eutectoid cementite, which is defined by Formula (1), in a microstructure of the railway wheel is not more than 1.50 pieces/100 m:

Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite (pieces/ 100 m)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 m200 m/(5.66100 m) (1)

The present invention relates to a method for producing a vehicle wheel consisting of sheet metal.