A method for the heat treatment of a steel reinforcing element (F) for a tire, comprises a step of reducing the temperature of the reinforcing element by continuous cooling: from an initial temperature of the austenite range, to a final temperature of the ferrite-pearlite range, passing through at least one transformation range of the steel, the transformation range(s) being distinct from the bainite range. The temperature reduction step comprises a transformation (C2, C3) from the austenitic microstructure to the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. The temperature of the reinforcing element is strictly decreasing during the reduction step. The mean rate of temperature reduction during the transformation (C2, C3) of the steel microstructure is greater than or equal to 30 C..Math.s.sup.1 and less than or equal to 110 C..Math.s.sup.1.

An ultrasonic machining method to improve the wear resistance of locomotive wheels includes ultrasonic machining by ultrasonic machining tool head on the wheel rim and/or surface of the tread that is rotated along the main axis. The ultrasonic machining method mentioned in the invention can not only process the locomotive wheel just after leaving factory, but also repair the worn locomotive wheel. After machining the rim and/or tread of the locomotive wheel with ultrasonic machining, the surface tensile stress of the rim and/or the tread surface will become compressive stress, the surface roughness will be greatly reduced, and the ideal compressive stress will be preset on the surface.

The disclosure discloses a spinning process of a magnesium alloy wheel hub, which comprises the following steps: step 1, heating a magnesium alloy bar at 350-430? C. and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes; step 2, initially forging and forming on the bar under a forging press, wherein the forging down-pressing speed is 6-15 mm/s; step 3, finally forging and forming on the bar under a forging press, wherein the forging down-pressing speed is 5-8 mm/s; step 4, stress relief annealing on the final forged magnesium alloy blank; step 5, solid dissolving on the annealed magnesium alloy blank; step 6, taking out the solid-dissolved blank and directly spinning by a spinning machine; step 7, heating treatment and aging treatment. The magnesium alloy wheel hub with excellent performance is obtained by the process, and the spinning process and processing efficiency are greatly improved.

To show an electromagnetic induction heating apparatus in which an object to be heated such as a half-finished light alloy wheel can be heated efficiently to have a predetermined temperature in a short time. An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus 1 includes a rotating body 2 with a plurality of magnets 21 arranged such that the same pole is positioned on the side of an object to be heated 8 and a rotation driving motor 3 for rotating the rotating body 2, in which the object to be heated 8 is heated by an induced current generated when the rotating body 2 is rotated. By controlling the distance D between the magnets 21 of the rotating body 2 and the object to be heated 8 with a moving motor 6, a light alloy wheel or the like, which has a high thermal expansion coefficient, can be well-heated efficiently.

A friction apparatus is provided. The friction apparatus includes: a first member having a first surface; and a second member having a second surface that contacts the first surface, and moving while in contact with the first member, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is hardened.

A method of forming a hybrid component having an axis of rotation includes forming a first substrate having a first interface surface and a first average grain size, forming a second substrate having a second interface surface and a second average grain size different from the first average grain size, and inertia welding the first and second substrates at a junction of the first and second interface surfaces to form a solid-state joint between the first and second substrates.

The invention relates to a charging device for the heat treatment of workpieces being provided with a hub (3), comprising a charging support (8), a shaft (7) and at least one auxiliary hub (6), wherein the workpiece (1) can be vertically supported on the shaft (7) by means of auxiliary hub(s) (6) precisely fitted into the hub (3), and the shaft being supported by means of the charging support (8) as well as use of auxiliary hubs (6) for the dimensionally stable hardening of gear-wheels (1) in vertical position.

In a cross section of the hub part of the railway wheel of the present disclosure including the central axis, when regions of 15 mm15 mm defined by a plurality of axial line segments which are parallel to the central axis and which are arranged at a pitch of 15 mm in a radial direction of the railway wheel from an inner peripheral surface of the through hole, and by a plurality of radial line segments which are perpendicular to the central axis and which are arranged at a pitch of 15 mm in the central axis direction from a surface of the hub part in which an opening of the through hole is formed are defined as rectangular regions, the average C concentration in each rectangular region in the cross section of the hub part is 1.40% by mass or less.

A non-pneumatic tire includes a lower ring having a first diameter and an upper ring having a second diameter greater than the first diameter. The upper ring is substantially coaxial with the lower ring. The non-pneumatic tire further includes a plurality of curved, steel spokes extending between the lower ring and the upper ring. Each of the plurality of curved, steel spokes has a 0.2% yield strength of at least 1300 MPA, a tensile strength of at least 1400 MPa, and a hardness of at least 50 HRC.

Provided is a railway vehicle wheel that enables further reducing wear and fatigue damage of the wheel and rail in total. A railway vehicle wheel containing, in mass %: 0.65% to 0.84% of C; 0.1% to 1.5% of Si; 0.05% to 1.5% of Mn; 0.025% or less of P; 0.015% or less of S; 0.001% to 0.08% of Al; and 0.05% to 1.5% of Cr, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, wherein a microstructure at least in a region extending from a tread to a depth of 15 mm is a pearlite structure, and a pearlite lamellar spacing at least in the region is 150 nm or less.