Described herein are 7xxx series aluminum alloys with unexpected properties and novel methods of producing such aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloys exhibit high strength and are highly formable. The alloys are produced by continuous casting and can be hot rolled to a final gauge and/or a final temper. The alloys can be used in automotive, transportation, industrial, and electronics applications, just to name a few.

A magnesium alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes greater than 3 wt % and less than or equal to 5 wt % of Al, 0.5 wt % to 1.5 wt % of Zn, 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Mn, 0.001 wt % to 0.01 wt % of B, 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Y, a balance amount of magnesium, and other inevitable impurities on the basis of a total of 100 wt %.

This pure copper plate or sheet contains 99.96% by mass or greater of Cu, in which when an average crystal grain size of crystal grains in a rolled surface is represented by X μm and an amount of Ag is represented by Y mass ppm, an expression of 1×10.sup.−8≤X.sup.−3Y.sup.−1≤1×10.sup.−5 is satisfied, and when a ratio of J3, in which all three grain boundaries constituting a grain boundary triple junction are special grain boundaries, to all grain boundary triple junctions is defined as NF.sub.JE and a ratio of J2, in which two grain boundaries constituting a grain boundary triple junction are special grain boundaries and one grain boundary constituting the grain boundary triple junction is a random grain boundary, to all grain boundary triple junctions is defined as NF.sub.J2, an expression of 0.30<(NF.sub.J2/(1−NF.sub.J3)).sup.0.5≤0.48 is satisfied.

A low thermal expansion alloy having a high rigidity and a low thermal expansion coefficient comprising, by mass %, C: 0.040% or less, Si: 0.25% or less, Mn: 0.15 to 0.50%, Cr: 8.50 to 10.0%, Ni: 0 to 5.00%, and Co: 43.0 to 56.0%, S: 0 to 0.050%, and Se: 0 to 0.050% and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the contents of Ni, Co, and Mn represented by [Ni], [Co], and [Mn] satisfying 55.7≤2.2[Ni]+[Co]+1.7[Mn]≤56.7 and the structure being an austenite single phase.

A low thermal expansion alloy having a high rigidity and a low thermal expansion coefficient comprising, by mass %, C: 0.040% or less, Si: 0.25% or less, Mn: 0.15 to 0.50%, Cr: 8.50 to 10.0%, Ni: 0 to 5.00%, and Co: 43.0 to 56.0%, S: 0 to 0.050%, and Se: 0 to 0.050% and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the contents of Ni, Co, and Mn represented by [Ni], [Co], and [Mn] satisfying 55.7≤2.2[Ni]+[Co]+1.7[Mn]≤56.7 and the structure being an austenite single phase.

A method for producing aluminum alloy materials suitable for use in the food industry includes processing of a liquid metal mixture having strontium in addition to aluminum by a twin roll continuous casting technique.

A method for producing aluminum alloy materials suitable for use in the food industry includes processing of a liquid metal mixture having strontium in addition to aluminum by a twin roll continuous casting technique.

A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness A356.2 metal matrix composites for a hub is provided, including the following preparation process steps: preparation of a (graphene+HfB.sub.2)-aluminum master alloy wire; A356.2 alloy melting, master alloy addition, refining, and pressure casting; solution and aging treatment; shot blasting, finishing, alkaline/acid cleaning, anodic oxidation, and finished product packaging. In this way, two systems of two-dimensional nano-structure graphene nucleation and in-situ self-nucleation are introduced to complement each other, a second phase of silicon in A356.2 is refined by multi-dimensional scaling, and multi-dimensional nano-phases strengthen the aluminum-based composite material simultaneously. The preparation method solves the problems of limiting the strength, hardness, plasticity and toughness during the application of common A356.2 alloys for a hub, and a graphene/HfB.sub.2/aluminum composite material produced by a low-pressure casting process has an excellent comprehensive performance, so as to achieve a further weight reduction requirement for light weight.

The present invention relates to a manganese steel alloy having a heat-treated microstructure comprising: (a) an alloy composition of: manganese: 12 to 30 wt %; carbon: 1.0 to 2.0 wt %; chromium: 4.5 to 7.0 wt %; molybdenum: 0.0 to 3.0 wt %; and iron and impurities: balance, and (b) an austenitic ferrous matrix; and (c) formed refractory particles dispersed throughout the austenitic ferrous matrix such that ≥10% of the formed refractory particles are located within crystallites of the austenitic ferrous matrix, as opposed to being located at grain boundaries between the crystallites, wherein the formed refractory particles are compounds of carbides and/or borides and/or nitrides of any one or more of chromium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten. The invention further relates to equipment adapted for high-stress gouging abrasion that includes the manganese steel alloy of the invention, and a method of producing the manganese steel alloy of the invention.

A high strength and wear resistant multi-element copper alloy is disclosed. The multi-element copper alloy comprises: 80-90 atomic percent Cu, 0.1-4 atomic percent Al, 6-10 atomic percent Ni, 0.1-3 atomic percent Si, 0.1-2 atomic percent V and/or Nb, and 0.1-2 atomic percent M. Experimental data reveal that, after being applied with an aging treatment under 450 degrees Celsius for 50 hours, hardness and strength of the multi-element copper alloy are both significantly enhanced because of age hardening, and softening due to overaging is not observed on the multi-element copper alloy. Moreover, measurement data have indicated that, this novel multi-element copper alloy exhibits better wear resistance superior to that of the conventional copper alloys.