Substrates suitable for mirrors used at wavelengths in the EUV wavelength range have substrates (1) including a base body (2) made of a precipitation-hardened alloy, of an intermetallic phase of an alloy system, of a particulate composite or of an alloy having a composition which, in the phase diagram of the corresponding alloy system, lies in a region which is bounded by phase stability lines. Preferably, the base body (2) is made of a precipitation-hardened copper or aluminum alloy. A highly reflective layer (6) is preferably provided on a polishing layer (3) of the substrate (1) of the EUV mirror (5).

There are provided: an aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disk, the aluminum alloy substrate including an aluminum alloy including 0.4 to 3.0 mass % of Fe and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, in which second phase particles having a longest diameter of 0.5 μm or more and less than 2.0 μm are dispersed at a distribution density of 5000 particles/mm.sup.2 or more; a method for producing the same; and a magnetic disk using the aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disk.

There are provided: an aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disk, the aluminum alloy substrate including an aluminum alloy including 0.4 to 3.0 mass % of Fe and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, in which second phase particles having a longest diameter of 0.5 μm or more and less than 2.0 μm are dispersed at a distribution density of 5000 particles/mm.sup.2 or more; a method for producing the same; and a magnetic disk using the aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disk.

Fuel cell alloy bipolar plates. The alloys may be used as a coating or bulk material. The alloys and metallic glasses may be particularly suitable for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells because of they may exhibit reduced weights and/or better corrosion resistance. The alloys may include any of the following Al.sub.xCu.sub.yTi.sub.z, Al.sub.xFe.sub.yNi.sub.z, Al.sub.xMn.sub.yNi.sub.z, Al.sub.xNi.sub.yTi.sub.z, Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yTi.sub.z, Cu.sub.xNi.sub.yTi.sub.z, Al.sub.xFe.sub.ySi.sub.z, Al.sub.xMn.sub.ySi.sub.z, Al.sub.xNi.sub.ySi.sub.z, Ni.sub.xSi.sub.yTi.sub.z, and C.sub.xFe.sub.ySi.sub.z. The alloys or metallic glass may be doped with various dopants to improve glass forming ability, mechanical strength, ductility, electrical or thermal conductivities, hydrophobicity, and/or corrosion resistance.

The invention concerns a process to manufacture a flat-rolled product, notably for the aeronautic industry containing aluminum alloy, in which, notably a flattening and/or stretching is performed with a cumulated deformation of at least 0.5% and less than 3% and a short heat-treatment is performed in which the sheet reaches a temperature between 130° C. and 170° C. for a period of 0.1 to 13 hours. The invention notably makes it possible to simplify the forming process of fuselage skins and to improve the balance between static mechanical strength properties and damage tolerance properties.

The invention concerns a process to manufacture a flat-rolled product, notably for the aeronautic industry containing aluminum alloy, in which, notably a flattening and/or stretching is performed with a cumulated deformation of at least 0.5% and less than 3% and a short heat-treatment is performed in which the sheet reaches a temperature between 130° C. and 170° C. for a period of 0.1 to 13 hours. The invention notably makes it possible to simplify the forming process of fuselage skins and to improve the balance between static mechanical strength properties and damage tolerance properties.

A high quality porous aluminum body, which has excellent joint strength between the porous aluminum body and the aluminum bulk body, and a method of producing the porous aluminum complex, are provided. The porous aluminum complex (10) includes: a porous aluminum body (30) made of aluminum or aluminum alloy; and an aluminum bulk body (20) made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20) being joined to each other. The junction (15) between the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20) includes a Ti—Al compound. It is preferable that pillar-shaped protrusions (32) projecting toward the outside are formed on outer surfaces of one of or both of the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20), and the pillar-shaped protrusions (32) include the junction (15).

A high quality porous aluminum body, which has excellent joint strength between the porous aluminum body and the aluminum bulk body, and a method of producing the porous aluminum complex, are provided. The porous aluminum complex (10) includes: a porous aluminum body (30) made of aluminum or aluminum alloy; and an aluminum bulk body (20) made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20) being joined to each other. The junction (15) between the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20) includes a Ti—Al compound. It is preferable that pillar-shaped protrusions (32) projecting toward the outside are formed on outer surfaces of one of or both of the porous aluminum body (30) and the aluminum bulk body (20), and the pillar-shaped protrusions (32) include the junction (15).

The invention relates to a monotectic aluminum plain bearing alloy having bismuth inclusions, which alloy is suitable for plastic deformation and consists of 1 to 20 wt % bismuth, at least one element selected from 0.05 to 7 wt % copper, 0.05 to 15 wt % silicon, 0.05 to 3 wt % manganese, 0.05 to 5 wt % zinc as a primary alloying element and, in combination, 0.005 to 0.4 wt % titanium, 0.005 to 0.7 wt % zirconium, 0.001 to 0.1 wt % boron as additional alloying elements, and optionally one or more further additional elements, the remainder aluminum. The plain bearing alloy is ultra-fine-grained and has superplastic-like properties.

A method for making an aluminum alloy includes steps of (1) weighing out starting materials to achieve a mass of material having a composition that includes aluminum, about 1.8 to about 5.6 percent by weight copper, about 0.6 to about 2.6 percent by weight lithium, and at least one of lanthanum up to about 1.5 percent by weight, strontium up to about 1.5 percent by weight, cerium up to about 1.5 percent by weight, and praseodymium up to about 1.5 percent by weight; (2) loading said starting materials into a crucible; (3) inserting said crucible into a chamber; (4) evacuating said chamber to a predetermined vacuum level; (5) melting said starting materials to form a molten mass; and (6) casting said molten mass into a mold.