Provided is a ferritic stainless steel in which cracking is unlikely to be caused in the vicinity of a weld zone by the stress due to expansion, contraction, and deformation due to the thermal effect of welding in the case of performing welding after deep drawing and which is excellent in corrosion resistance in the vicinity of the weld zone. The ferritic stainless steel has a composition containing C: 0.001% to 0.020%, Si: 0.01% to 0.30%, Mn: 0.01% to 0.50%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 18.0% to 24.0%, Ni: 0.01% to 0.40%, Mo: 0.30% to 3.0%, Al: 0.01% to 0.15%, Ti: 0.01% to 0.50%, Nb: 0.01% to 0.50%, V: 0.01% to 0.50%, Co: 0.01% to 6.00%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, and N: 0.001% to 0.020% on a mass basis, the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities. The composition satisfies 0.30%≤Ti+Nb+V≤0.60%.

The disclosed martensitic stainless steel is defined in its composition is by specified ranges of weight percentages of C; Mn; Si; ≤Mn+Si; ≤S; 10,000×Mn×S; P; Cr, with [Cr−10.3−80*(C+N).sup.2]≤(Mn+Ni); Ni; Mo; Mo+2W; Cu; Ti; V; Zr; Al; O; Ta; Nb; (Nb+Ta)/(C+N); Nb; N; Co; Cu+Co; Cu+Co+Ni; B; rare earths+Y; Ca; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from processing. Its microstructure includes at least 75% martensite, at most 20% ferrite and at most 0.5% carbides, the size of the ferrite grains being between 4 and 80 μm, preferably between 5 and 40 μm. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing such steel.

The present invention discloses to a Hot-work die steel electroslag remelted ingot and a manufacture method thereof. The electroslag remelted ingot comprises the following chemical components, C: 0.36-0.41%, Si: 0.80-1.10%, Mn: 1.00-3.00%, Cr: 4.90-5.40%, Mo: 1.35-1.55%, V: 0.4-0.7%, Ni≤0.04%, Cu≤0.04%%, S≤0.003%, P≤0.012%, O≤0.0015%, H≤0.0002%, N≤0.006%, 0.05%≤RE≤0.20%, the balance being Fe. The above percentage is percentage by mass. According to the present invention, the features of electroslag remelting under inert gas protection are fully combined and a rare earth alloy is precisely fed during the electroslag remelting, thus exerting the excellent effects of RE inclusion modification and micro-alloying under high purity and high uniformity conditions and realizing high-quality and high-performance Hot-work die steel.

A neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, a preparation method and use thereof are disclosed. The neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet has a composition represented by formula I: [mHR(1−m) (Pr.sub.25Nd.sub.75)].sub.x(Fe.sub.100-a-b-c-dM.sub.aGa.sub.bIn.sub.cSn.sub.d).sub.100-x-yB.sub.y formula I; where a is 0.995-3.493, b is 0.114-0.375, c is 0.028-0.125, d is 0.022-0.100; x is 29.05-30.94, y is 0.866-1.000; m is 0.02-0.05; HR is Dy and/or Tb; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Cu, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr, Ni, W and Mo.

The present invention relates to an R-T-B sintered magnet and a preparation method thereof. The sintered magnet includes a grain boundary region T1, a shell layer region T2 and an R.sub.2Fe.sub.14B grain region T3; at 10 μm to 60 μm from a surface of the sintered magnet toward a center thereof, an area ratio of the shell layer region T2 to the R.sub.2Fe.sub.14B grain region T3 is 0.1 to 0.3, and a thickness of the shell layer region T2 is 0.5 μm to 1.2 μm; and an average coating percent of the shell layer region T2 on the R.sub.2Fe.sub.14B grain region T3 is 80% or more. In the present invention, by optimizing a preparation process and a microstructure of a traditional rare earth permanent magnet, diffusion efficiency of heavy rare earth in the magnet is improved, such that coercivity of the magnet is greatly improved, and manufacturing cost is reduced.

A hot-rolled steel sheet for non-oriented electrical steel sheets includes, by mass %: C: 0.0010% to 0.0050%; Si: 1.90% to 3.50%; Al: 0.10% to 3.00%; Mn: 0.05% to 2.00%; P: 0.100% or less; S: 0.005% or less; N: 0.0040% or less; B: 0.0060% or less; Sn: 0% to 0.50%; Sb: 0% to 0.50%; Cu: 0% to 0.50%; REM: 0% to 0.0400%; Ca: 0% to 0.0400%; Mg: 0% to 0.0400%; and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which a hardness H.sub.D of a deformed structure of a thickness middle portion (½t position) in a sheet width direction end portion of the hot-rolled steel sheet for non-oriented electrical steel sheets is Hv 220 or less.

The invention relates to a steel material which allows for components to be formed with low residual stress via additive manufacturing without pre- or post-heating. The steel material consists of a steel with the following composition, in wt. %: C: 0.28-0.65%, Co: <10.0, Cr: 3.5-12.5%, optionally Mo: 0.5-12.5%, wherein the sum of the content of Cr and Mo is 4-16%, the Ni equivalent Ni_eq calculated according to the formula Ni_eq [%]=30% C+% Ni+0.5% Mn from the C-content % C, the Ni-content % Ni, the Mn-content % Mn fulfills the condition (1) 10%≤Ni eq≤20%, and alongside C, optionally respectively up to 9% Mn and up to 4.5% Ni are provided to fulfill condition (1), wherein the Cr equivalent Cr_eq calculated according to the formula Cr_eq [mass]=% Cr+% Mo+1.5% S+0.5% Nb+2% XX from the CR-content Cr %, the Mo-content Mo %, the Si-content Si %, the Nb-content % Nb and the sum % XX of the contents of at least one element of the group “Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Ta” fulfills the condition (2) 4% Cr_eq 16%, and optionally respectively up to 2% Si, up to 2% Nb or at least one element from the group “Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Ta” are provided to fulfill condition (2), wherein the total proportion of elements of this group is at most equal to the mass fraction of 2%, which Ti must not exceed if Ti is the only element selected from the group consisting of “Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Ta”, and wherein the rest of the steel consists of Fe and <0.5% impurities, including 0.025% P and 50.025% S. The steel material is suited, in particular as a powder, for LPBF or LMD methods and as wire for the WAAM method.

A method for producing an austenitic heat resistant steel in which a difference between a content of Nb and an amount of Nb analyzed as extraction residues satisfies [0.170≤Nb−Nb.sub.ER≤0.480], the method including: a forming step of machining and forming a steel having a predetermined chemical composition into a product shape; a solution heat treatment step of performing, after the forming step, heat treatment under conditions including a heat treatment temperature satisfying [−250Nb+1200≤T≤−100Nb+1290] and a soaking time satisfying [405−0.3T≤t≤2475−1.5T]; and a cooling step of performing cooling after the solution heat treatment step.

This application provides Fe—Mn—Al—C lightweight steel, including: Fe, wherein a weight percentage of the Fe is greater than or equal to 50.4 wt %; Mn, wherein a weight percentage of the Mn is 25-35 wt %; Al, wherein a weight percentage of the Al is 6-12 wt %; C, wherein a weight percentage of the C is 0.8-2.0 wt %; and O, wherein a weight percentage of the O is 0.005-0.6 wt %. This application further provides a terminal to which the Fe—Mn—Al—C lightweight steel is applied, a production method for the Fe—Mn—Al—C lightweight steel, a steel mechanical part, and an electronic device. The lightweight steel in this application has low density, high strength, and high elongation.

A caster assembly configured to process and store a material includes a reaction chamber, a storage assembly configured to store material processed in the reaction chamber, and a blower configured to process and store the material. The reaction chamber includes a vessel configured to hold the material in a melted state prior to processing and a powder generating assembly configured to receive the material from the melting vessel. The powder generating assembly includes a feeding chamber and a feeding device disposed at least partially within the feeding chamber. The feeding device includes at least one nozzle configured to inject inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two into the feeding chamber and a material inlet through which the material is configured to flow into the feeding chamber to be exposed to the inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two.