A garment with reflective material applied to an outer surface of the garment is provided herein. The reflective material is positioned on the garment based on modeled sun exposure. A method for modeling sun exposure to determine the positioning of reflective material on a garment is also provided herein. A system for modeling sun exposure, determining the position of reflective material on a garment, and applying the reflective material to the outer surface of the garment is also provided.

A method is described that can be used in electrodes for electrochemical devices and includes disposing a precious metal on a top surface of a corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The precious metal can be thermally sprayed onto the surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate to produce multiple metal splats. The thermal spraying can be based on a salt solution or on a metal particle suspension. A separate bonding process can be used after the metal splats are deposited to enhance the adhesion of the metal splats to the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The surface area associated with the splats of the precious metal is less than the surface area associated with the top surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The thermal spraying rate can be controlled to achieve a desired ratio of the surface area of the metal splats to the surface area of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate.

A method is described that can be used in electrodes for electrochemical devices and includes disposing a precious metal on a top surface of a corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The precious metal can be thermally sprayed onto the surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate to produce multiple metal splats. The thermal spraying can be based on a salt solution or on a metal particle suspension. A separate bonding process can be used after the metal splats are deposited to enhance the adhesion of the metal splats to the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The surface area associated with the splats of the precious metal is less than the surface area associated with the top surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The thermal spraying rate can be controlled to achieve a desired ratio of the surface area of the metal splats to the surface area of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate.

An electrically conductive resistive layer is produced by thermally spraying an electrically conductive material onto the surface of a non-conductive substrate. Initially, the material layer arising therefrom has no desired shape. The material layer is then removed in certain areas so that an electrically conductive resistive layer having said desired shape is produced.

An electrically conductive resistive layer is produced by thermally spraying an electrically conductive material onto the surface of a non-conductive substrate. Initially, the material layer arising therefrom has no desired shape. The material layer is then removed in certain areas so that an electrically conductive resistive layer having said desired shape is produced.

When forming valve seat coats at opening portions (16a.sub.1 to 16a.sub.8) of intake ports (16) provided at a cylinder block mounting surface (12a) of a semimanufactured cylinder head (3), the nozzle of a cold spray apparatus moves along a nozzle movement path for air intake (Inp1) that is set between any two of the plurality of opening portions (16a.sub.1 to 16a.sub.8), while continuing to spray a raw material powder. When forming valve seat coats at opening portions (17a.sub.1 to 17a.sub.8) of exhaust ports (17), the nozzle moves along a nozzle movement path for air exhaust (Enp1) that is set between any two of the plurality of opening portions (17a.sub.1 to 17a.sub.8), while continuing to spray the raw material powder.

A method is described that can be used in electrodes for electrochemical devices and includes disposing a precious metal on a top surface of a corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The precious metal can be thermally sprayed onto the surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate to produce multiple metal splats. The thermal spraying can be based on a salt solution or on a metal particle suspension. A separate bonding process can be used after the metal splats are deposited to enhance the adhesion of the metal splats to the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The surface area associated with the splats of the precious metal is less than the surface area associated with the top surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The thermal spraying rate can be controlled to achieve a desired ratio of the surface area of the metal splats to the surface area of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate.

A method is described that can be used in electrodes for electrochemical devices and includes disposing a precious metal on a top surface of a corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The precious metal can be thermally sprayed onto the surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate to produce multiple metal splats. The thermal spraying can be based on a salt solution or on a metal particle suspension. A separate bonding process can be used after the metal splats are deposited to enhance the adhesion of the metal splats to the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The surface area associated with the splats of the precious metal is less than the surface area associated with the top surface of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate. The thermal spraying rate can be controlled to achieve a desired ratio of the surface area of the metal splats to the surface area of the corrosion-resistant metal substrate.

A method for producing an internal combustion engine, includes the steps of providing a cylinder comprising a cylinder wall, wherein a surface of the cylinder wall has a structure which is designed and formed such that it can be penetrated by a coating; generating at least one barrier region by way of at least regional machining of the structure such that the coating cannot penetrate into the structure; and applying a coating to the cylinder wall, which coating does not penetrate into the structure in the at least one barrier region.

A method for producing an internal combustion engine, includes the steps of providing a cylinder comprising a cylinder wall, wherein a surface of the cylinder wall has a structure which is designed and formed such that it can be penetrated by a coating; generating at least one barrier region by way of at least regional machining of the structure such that the coating cannot penetrate into the structure; and applying a coating to the cylinder wall, which coating does not penetrate into the structure in the at least one barrier region.